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بزدل قوم کا بہادر لیڈر

بزدل قوم کا بہادر لیڈر

4اپریل 1979ء کو بھٹو صاحب کو گڑھی خدا بخش دفن کر دیا گیا ۔6اپریل کو فوج کا پہرہ ختم ہوا تو پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے قائدین فاتحہ خوانی کے لیے گئے ۔ان میں بھٹو کے وکیل یحیٰ بختیار بھی تھے جب گائوں پہنچے تو لوگوں نے انہیں گھیر لیا اور پوچھنے لگے آپ تو ہمارے لیڈر کے سب سے قریب تھے ۔آخری وقت انہوں نے کوئی پیغام دیا یا کچھ کہا ۔یہ سن کر یحییٰ بختیار کی آنکھوں میں آنسو آگئے اور بولے بھٹو صاحب نے آخری ملاقات میں مجھ سے کہا ’’بزدل قوموں کے بہادر لیڈروں کا یہی انجام ہو تا ہے ‘‘

 

Factors Related to the Implementation of Evidenced-based Practice (EBP) of Nursing Staffing Levels in Hospitals: A Literature Review

The implementation of Evidenced-based practice (EBP) was one of the factors in increasing the quality of health services as an ideal problem-solving approach. The ability of nurses to appliance EBP was influenced by many factors, not only on individual nurses consisting by the support of unit leader and colleague. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the implementation of EBP at the care room level establishing on the support of coworkers and nursing managers. This writing used a literature review study, from several databases namely PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect with a limitation of the last 5 years. 17 journals met the inclusion criteria and the results of a literature review study show: eight journals conclude that the support of colleagues and authority in changing practices affects the implementation of EBP, 13 journals concluded the role of managerial nurses affects the implementation of EBP consisting of leadership support and mentorship including the lack of knowledge and skills of nursing leaders regarding EBP. Data from the collected and identified literature study clearly showed that EBP knowledge and skills of nursing leaders related to EBP are important factors in increasing the implementation of EBP but co-worker factors can be a supporter and also an obstacle to the implementation of EBP if it is not well managed.

Technology and Development of Esl Learner Autonomy: the Impact on Pakistani Women in Higher Education

Patriarchal societies, such as that of Pakistan, denigrate women’s participation in the field of education and technology. Addressing this denigration, my thesis orients from the proposition, which states that in contemporary technologically tuned world use of technology has a positive impact on women ESL tertiary level teachers. This usage grants them teaching-learning autonomy, which in turn, compels these teachers to inculcate the same in ESL learners. Hence, they play an imperative role in the development of ESL learner autonomy. The educated women’s practice of this teaching autonomy in classroom, a miniature of the social fabric of Pakistan, is a breakthrough the prevailing socio-political fences. This premise is contested through the critical review of the related literature. It reveals that the use of technology as positively affecting female ESL tertiary level teachers’ professional competence and pedagogical practices in Pakistani context is not well-researched. Nonetheless, this context helps to address and establish underpinning concepts of this study. Although for some projects that deal in isolation with either technology or learner autonomy or feminist perspective, description in literature or other documentary sources is both comprehensive and also in depth, yet no single framework caters to interface this study. For the purpose of study, I have adopted a technique of theoretical triangulation. The epistemological framework is delineated with (a) feminist pedagogical lens of Paulo Friere and a radical feminist pedagogue bell hooks 1 ; (b) the soft technological deterministic view of Andrew Feenberg (2002); and (c) Phil Benson’s (2011) philosophy of the role of teacher and technology with David Little’s (1996) model of interaction with information system for the development of learner autonomy. My theoretical framework is, thus, based upon feminist methodology, furnished with the empirical tool: Technology and Development of ESL Learner Autonomy Survey. To administer the survey, ‘purposeful’ and ‘snowball’ sampling techniques were employed; accordingly, the response from 128 respondents formed the sample of this study. These sampling Gloria Jean Watkins is known by her pen name bell hooksx techniques were employed to access those female teachers whose knowledge and expertise are substantial in utilizing technology. To evaluate the data, descriptive statistics are used. Moreover, the Pearson Correlation analysis correlates research variables. In addition, the findings of One Way ANOVA analyses tabulate the significant difference of means between variables under study. Elucidating female tertiary level teachers ESL teaching-learning autonomy by way of using technology, the findings of this study contribute to this field of research in Pakistan. The results depict that technology enables the female ESL teachers to perform beyond the customary social differences. In consequence, the emergent theory and praxis of Pyramid of ESL Techno-Feminist Pedagogy sketch the multifaceted philosophies of the impact of technology on women teacher autonomy in Pakistani ESL context. This pyramid, subsequently, delineates women ESL teachers’ critical awareness of the implications of use of technology in education as the embodiment of the active feminist movement in Pakistani educational institutions. These teachers, as highly qualified women reject the gender discrimination and disparage oppression that consummate women’s right to access means of education within the microcosm of social stratum especially in the higher education institutions. The female teachers’ pedagogical practices, in this way, are the conscious actions to liberate and gain teaching-learning autonomy. Moreover, teachers favour teaching as an engaged process rather than a stockpiling attempt onto learners. It also highlights that the women ESL teachers consider classroom a radical space of possibility. Thus, this feminist approach to education advocates voicing of the silent, freedom of the oppressed and autonomy of the restrained. Consequently, the future implications of this pyramid cannot be ignored besides its limitations in addressing the core ideology of educational domain. For example, in further research this framework will help to address the issues of social malignance in education sector and society.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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