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المبحث الخامس الأدب النسائي والعهد الحاضر

المبحث الخامس الأدب النسائي والعهد الحاضر

 وقد بدأ ھذا العھد في 1960م وظھرت الکثیر من النساء اللاتي تقدمن في ھذا المجال من بیت عزٍ وشرف وقد وجدن المکانۃ المرموقۃ والإحترام اللائق في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ ومن أھم شاعرات العصر الحاضر:

فاطمہ حسن، وتقول:


بکھر رہے تھے ہر اک سمت کائنات کے رنگ

مگر ہر آنکھ کہ جو ڈھونڈتی تھی ذات کے رنگ


ثمينة راجا

ثمینہ راجا شاعرۃ باکستانیۃ ولدت في بھاولبور في 1961 في بیت جاہٍ وغنی وفي الثالثہ عشر من عمرھا کتبت أول بیت شعر وقد نشرأ شعارھا في الجرائد۔
 واشتھرت الشاعرۃ بفنھا وقد حصلت علی شھادۃ الماجستیر في اللغۃ الأردیۃ، ولھا مجموعات شعریۃ رائعۃ في 1995م طُبع أول مجموعۃ شعریۃ لھا بإسم (ھویدا)۔
 ولھا أبیات شعر، تقول:

میں تمہارے عکس کی آرزو میں بستی آئینہ ہی بنی رہی

کبھی تم نہ سامنے آ سکے، کبھی مجھ پہ گرد پڑی رہی

وہ عجیب شام تھی، آج تک میرے دل میں اسکا ملال ہے

میری طرح جو تیری منتظر ، تیرے راستے میں کھڑی رہی

وتوفیت ثمینہ راجا فی 30 اکتوبر 2012م۔

الشاعرة شبنم شکيل

 توفیت في 2 مارس في عام 2013ء، وبوفاتھا فَقَدَ الأدب الأردو من أعظم الشاعرات، ولدت ھذہ الشاعرۃ في 12 مارس في عام 1942م في مدینۃ لاھور، وقد رفعت صوتھا وقلمھا لحمایۃ النساء وحقوقھن۔

 وحیاتھا کان کالشمع المنور وکان لأشعارھا شھرۃ عظیمۃ بین القراء والأدباء، وتقول:

تم سے رخصت طلب ہے مل جاؤ

کوئی اب جاں پہ...

Analisis Keputusan Pembelian Masyarakat Muslim Pada Mie Instan Lemunilo Di Kota Bagansiapiapi

Keputusan pembelian adalah keputusan final konsumen untuk membeli atau tidaknya suatu barang dan jasa dengan membandingkan banyak pertimbangan. Ketika melakukan keputusan pembelian, seringkali terdapat beberapa pilihan antara dua atau lebih alternatif. Ada pun tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk menganalisa Pengaruh  Word Of Mouth, Labelisasi Halal, Dan Celebrity Endorser Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mie Lemonilo Pada Masyarakat Muslim di Kota Bagansiapiapi . Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 orang Masyarakat Muslim dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa Word Of Mouth, Labelisasi Halal, Celebrity Endorser berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Hasil Koefisien Determinasi (R2) menunjukkan bahwa besarnya pengaruh dari ketiga variabel bebas secara bersama-sama  terhadap variabel terikatnya sebesar 52,7% dan sisanya sebesar 47,3% merupakan variabel lain yang tidak diteliti kedalam penelitian ini.

Impact of Tillage Practices and Sowing Methods on Productivity of Wheat- Mungbean Cropping System

A series of field experiments were conducted at the research farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2009-10 and 2010-2011, to investigate the effects of different tillage practices and sowing methods on productivity of wheat and mungbean cropping system on silty clay loam soil. The factors consisted of tillage practices i.e. tine cultivator twice plowed (TC2), chisels plow followed by rotovator (CR), mouldboard plow followed by rotovator (MR) , disk plow followed by rotovator (DR) and tine cultivator followed by rotovator (TCR) in the main plots and sowing methods i.e. sowing with single box seed drill (SD), combined drill (CD) and broadcast (BC) in the sub plots. The performance of different tillage implements during seedbed preparation in term of soil depth of cut, wheel slippage, fuel consumption and effective field capacity were statistically significant. Maximum soil moisture content at 20 and 40 cm depth recorded with CR and MR tillage practices, while maximum soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance, at 20 and 40 cm depth, fresh and dry weed biomass were obtained in plots tilled with tine cultivator twice (TC-2). However, minimum soil penetration resistance and fresh/ dry weed biomass were obtained in plots of CR and MR tillage practices, respectively. Higher soil moisture content at 20 and 40 cm depth was observed when sowing was done with seed drill and combined drill, respectively. Data regarding wheat crop indicated that higher number of tillers m -2 (403) and grain yield (4.6 t ha -1 ) were obtained in plots tilled with disk plow followed by rotavator. Similarly, maximum biological yield (10.4 t ha -1 ) was recorded in plots that were tilled with mouldboard plow followed by rotavator. Sowing by combined seed drill resulted in higher emergence, number of tillers, straw yield and biological yield. Similarly, higher number of grains spike -1 , spike length, grain yield and harvest indices were recorded when sowing was done with seed drill. Maximum total nitrogen in soil was noted in plots tilled with tine cultivator followed by rotavator. Similarly, sowing by seed drill and combine drill recorded greater total nitrogen in soil and wheat straw. The data relating to mungbean crop indicated that chisel plow followed by rotavator resulted in higher soil moisture content at 20 and 40 cm depths, higher emergence m -2 , plant height, pod length and total nitrogen in grains. Plots tilled with tine cultivator twice delayed flowering and maturity, increase in fresh and dry weed biomass, soil bulk density at 20 and 40 cm depth and soil penetration resistance at 20 and 40 cm depths. Number of branch plant -1 , pods plant -1 , biological yield, soil total nitrogen were higher in plots tilled with moldboard plow followed by rotavator. The maximum grain yield of mungbean and soil organic matter were recorded in plots tilled with tine cultivator followed by rotavator. Similarly, maximum harvest indices and total nitrogen in straw were recorded in plots tilled with disk plow followed by rotavator. Higher emergence, plant height, pod length, hundred grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest xxiindices, total soil nitrogen, and total nitrogen in mungbean grain and straw were recorded in plots sown with seed drill. Plots sown with broadcast method delayed flowering and maturity, increase fresh and dry weed biomass and greater soil bulk density at 20 and 40 cm depths. Number of branch plant -1 , pods plant -1 , soil organic matter and total nitrogen in soil were greater in plots that were sown with a combined seed drill. Economic analysis of wheat and mungbean showed that maximum net revenue of wheat was obtained with mouldboard plow followed by rotavator (MR) tillage practices and the highest net revenue of mungbean was found with tine cultivator followed by rotavator (TCR) while minimum net revenue were obtained with tine cultivator (TC-2). Similarly, sowing by seed drill (SD) and combine drill (CD) resulted in maximum net revenue as compared to broadcast (BC) sowing method. It is concluded from the studies that all tillage implements when followed by rotavator for seedbed preparation resulted better yield and net economic revenue from wheat and mungbean crops as compared to the sole used of tine cultivator plowed twice. Similarly sowing by seed drill and combined drill showed a higher grain yield and net revenue than broadcast methods.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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