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الفصل الأول: نازک الملائكة رائدة الشعر العربي الحُر الشاعرۃ الحزينة

الفصل الأول: نازک الملائكة رائدة الشعر العربي الحُر الشاعرۃ الحزينة
المبحث الأول: مولدها ونشأتها
نازك صادق الملائکۃ شاعرۃ من العراق، ولدت في بغداد عام 1923، في بیئة علمیۃٍ وثقافیۃ، ونشأت في بیتِ علم و أدب، في رعایۃ أمھا الشاعرۃ سلمی عبدالرازق(أُم نزار الملاءۃ) وأبیھا الأدیب الباحث صادق الملائکۃ. ولدت في بغداد في(23) من شھر آب وکانت کبری أخواتھا۔ ثم درست الکثیر عن النحو العربي۔ ولقبت في البیت ب(الشاعرۃ) قبل أن تفھم معنی ھذہ الکلمۃ۔
وتتحدث نازك عن أمھا وأبیھا وتقول ’’کانت والدتي تنظم الشعر وتنشرہ في المجلاتِ والصحف العراقیۃ بإسم السیدۃ، وأبوھا کان ینظم الشعر، ولہ قصائد کثیرۃ، وکان أبوھا مدرس النحو في الثانویات العراقیۃ ، وکان شاعراً کبیراً أيضاً، وأیضاً أمھا کانت شاعرۃ معروفۃ أصدرت دیوان شعر في الثلاثینیات، اسمہ (أنشودۃ المجد) ووقعتہ بکنیتھا (أم نزار الملائکۃ)، كما کان خالاھا، جمیل وعبد الصاحب الملائکۃ، من الشعراء المعروفین أیضاً، وعرف عن شقیقھا الوحید، نزار الملائکۃ، المقیم في لندن بأنہ شاعر أیضاً . یتضح من ذلک أن الشاعرۃ نشأت في بیت علمٍ وأدبٍ۔
نشأتها
نشأت الشاعرۃ العراقیۃ في بيئة أدبیۃ، کان لھا تأثیر کبیر في نزوعھا نحو الشعر، ووالدھا صادق جعفر الملائکۃ کان رجلاً عملیاً وکان یُدَرِّس اللغۃ العربیۃ في المدارس الثانویۃ، وعندما بلغت نازک الملائکۃ الخامسۃ من عمرھا، فکر أبویھا علی أن یدخلاھا المدرسۃ، فاختارا لھا (الروضۃ التابعۃ للإبتدائیۃ المرکزیۃ في العاقولیۃ)، وتربت وترعرعت الشاعرۃ في بیتِ علمٍ وأدبٍ وثقافۃ من حیث الوالد والوالدۃ والأقرباء۔

PENINGKATAN MUTU PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK PADA MTS NEGERI 2 BANGGAI

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kinerja guru di MTS Negeri 2 Banggai Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 setelah mengikuti supervisi akademik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan sekolah. Subjek penelitian adalah guru di MTS Negeri 2 Banggai yang berjumlah 8 orang guru. Data kinerja guru pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini adalah: apabila rata-rata kinerja guru minimal pada kategori Tinggi, dan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 90%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa: penerapan supervisi akademik secara efektif dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru di MTS Negeri 2 Banggai Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari rerata kinerja guru sebelum penelitian sebesar 130, 50 berada pada kategori sedang, meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 150, 13 berada pada kategori tinggi dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi 167 berada pada kategori sangat tinggi

Association of Adiponectin With Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Diabetics With and Without Coronary Heart Disease

This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. The study population consisted of three groups; A, B and C. Group A comprised of healthy controls, group B comprised of type 2 diabetic patients and group C comprised of type 2 diabetic patients having coronary heart disease (CHD). Each group contained 60 members. The participants of the study were selected randomly from referral tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar including Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar (LRH) and Rehman Medical Institute (RMI). A questionnaire was used to record participant history. Fasting samples of blood were collected from all participants. Biochemical analysis was done for fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and serum adiponectin levels. The biochemical analysis was carried out in the research laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College. SPSS version 19 was used for the analysis of the data. In this study, higher levels of adiponectin were recorded in women than men; significant difference was seen in the control group. Significantly higher concentrations of HbA1c, FBG, TC and TG (p value <0.05), were noted in diabetic participants and those having diabetes with coronary heart disease. Both the diseased groups presented with significantly low serum adiponectin (p<0.001) and HDL-C (p<0.001) concentrations than the control. Participants having type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without CHD did not show any significant difference for the studied variables. iThe association of serum adiponectin with other parameters was determined. Adiponectin level was positively associated with HDL-C in control (male: r 0.948; p=<0.01, female: r 0.988; p=<0.01), type 2 diabetic participants (male: r 0.860; p=<0.01; female: r 0.908; p=<0.01) and type 2 diabetic participants having CHD (male: r 0.650; p=<0.01, female: r 0.775; p=<0.01). Significant negative association of adiponectin level was observed with TG in control (male: r - 0.537; p= <0.01; female: r -0.515; p=0.01), type 2 diabetic participants (male: r -0.747; p =<0.01, female: r -0.790; p=<0.01) and type 2 diabetic participants with CHD (male: r -0.640; p=<0.01, female: r -0.669; p=<0.01). In both the diseased groups, level of adiponectin in the serum was negatively associated with FBG and HbA1c with p value<0.01. The negative association of adiponectin with FBG was slightly weaker in male diabetic patients having CHD with p value 0.04. Type 2 diabetic subjects showed negative association of adiponectin with TC and LDL-C (each with p value<0.01). Type 2 diabetic subjects having CHD showed a weak negative association of adiponectin with TC in female participants with p value 0.03. Control male participants showed negative association with LDL-C in male members (p=0.002). This study concludes that adiponectin level is markedly decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus, with and without CHD. The adiponectin level showed positive association with HDL-C and negative association with HbA1c and TG. Therefore, adiponectin level acts as a biomarker of glycemic status and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus alone and with coronary heart disease.
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