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11 سرونہہ دے پھل

سرونہہ دے پھل

 

                جدوں تک پنڈ دی فضا وچ سرونہ دے پیلے پیلے پھل لہلہاندے رہن گے میں شمودی یاد کدی اپنے دل وچوں نئیں کڈھ سکاں گا۔ شمو جیہڑی خود اک پھل سی۔ اک سدا بہار پھل۔۔۔ جس دے پیکر وچ میں گرمیاں دی تپدی دوپہر نوں خوشبو سنگھی سی جیہڑی پنڈ دے لوک سردیاں وچ فجر ویلے صرف سرونہہ دے کھیتر ولوں آون والی ہوا واں وچ ای سنگھ سکدے نیں۔ ایہہ خوشبو اوہدے جسم وچ کس بھری سی، میں اج تک نئیں جان سکا خورے ایہدی وجہ ایہہ سی پئی جدوں میں اہنوں تکیا سی اودوں سرونہہ دے پھلاں تے وی جوانی سی۔  ایس توں پہلاں میں سرونہہ دے پھل تکے ای کدوں سن۔۔۔ ! ایہہ تے ابا جان نوں نجانے کیویں زندگی وچ پہلی واری خیال آگیا پئی میں وی کوئی ذمہ داری دا کم کرسکدا واں جیہڑا اوہناں نے مینوں امتحان توں فارغ ہندیاں ای اپنے پنڈ دی زمین تے جیہڑی کئی سالاں توں مزار عیاں دے رحم وکرم تے سی دیکھ بھال لئی بھیج دتا۔ میرے جئے سوسائٹی پسند لئی پنڈ کیہ سی؟ اک چڑیا گھر۔۔۔ میں چڑیا گھر دے اک اک جانو رنوں ویکھیا پر کسے نے وی میرے ول متوجہ ہوندی ضرورت محسوس نہ کیتی۔ زندگی سچ مچ اوہناں لئی اک پنجرہ بنی ہوئی سی جیہدے تے لگی ہوئی غربت، جہالت، روایت تے توہم پرستی دیاں آہنی سلاخاں اینیاں اچیاںہوگیاں سن پئی کوئی وی جانور بیچارہ کوشش دے باوجود ایہناں نوں ٹپ نئیں سکدا سی۔ میں چڑیا گھر دی ہر خوبصورت چڑی نوں دانہ پان دی کوشش کیتی پر پنڈ دیاں چڑیاں۔۔۔ اوہ تے دانہ کھانا جاندیاں ای نئیں سن۔ میںچڑیا گھر دے ہر جانور توں بیزار ہوچلا ساں کہ میرے خاموش دل دے تاراں اک رسیلا نغمہ چھڑن لگ...

استنباط احکام میں حضرت عائشہ کا منہج قرآن کریم کی روشنی میں

In this article an effort has been made to describe Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A) ’s methodology of derivation of Ahk฀m from Holy Quran. Holy Quran and Sunnah of Holy Prophet (S. A. W) is basic source of Islamic Shar฀‘ah. Hazrat ‘฀ishah Sidd฀qah (R. A) was the wife of the Holy Prophet (S. A. W), and the daughter of Hazrat Ab฀ Bakr (R. A). She spent her time in learning and acquiring knowledge of the two most important sources of Islam, the Qur'an and the Sunnah of His Prophet (S. A. W). Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A) narrated 2210 Ah฀d฀th out of which 174 Ah฀d฀th are commonly agreed upon by Bukh฀ri and Muslim. She was an ardent and zealous student of Islamic jurisprudence. She has not only described Ah฀d฀th and reported her observations of events, but interpreted them for derivation of Ahk฀m. Umm Al-Mu’min฀n Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A) is a great scholar and interpreter of Islam, providing guidance to even the greatest of the Companions (R. A) of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S. A. W). She has not only described Ah฀d฀th and reported her observations of events, but interpreted them for derivation of Ahk฀m. Whenever necessary, she corrected the views of the greatest of the Companions of the Holy Prophet (S. A. W). It is thus recognized, from the earliest times in Islam, that about one-fourth of Islamic Shar฀‘ah is based on reports and interpretations that have come from Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A). As a teacher she had a clear and persuasive manner of speech. Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A) is a role model for women. She taught Islam many people. She was an authority on many matters of Islamic Law, especially those concerning women.

Exploration and Utlization of Promoters from Dicot Plats

The highly expressed promoters used in genetic engineering have been isolated from viruses. The commercially available promoters have been patented and the scientists have to address the Intellectual Property Rights issues related to patented promoters. The exploration of strong dicot promoters is needed for the expression of transgenes by our local researchers for the evaluation of their transgenes. The dicot promoters (β-TbBr promoter, β-TbSt promoter and susy-Sl promoter) were explored and isolated from potato, turnip and tomato respectively. The promoter sequences and their deletion mutants consist of various motifs for light response, hormonal response and stress response. Maximum light responsive motifs were detected in β-TbSt and susy-Sl promoters. The full length β-TbSt and susy-Sl promoters were expressed in tobacco and cotton tissues through transient assay and their expression was maximum in major tissues of these selected dicot plants. The strong β-Glucoronidase (GUS) expression was observed in roots, stem, leaves, flowers, trichomes and siliques of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana under the β-TbSt and susy-Sl promoters. The full length β-TbBr promoter also expressed GUS gene in various tissues of tobacco and cotton through transient assay but the deletion mutants of this promoter were expressed only in anthers of transgenic lines of Arabidopsis. The deletion mutants of susy-Sl promoter showed strong constitutive GUS expression in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, trichomes and siliques of transgenic A.thaliana tissues.The smallest deletion mutant (679bp) of susy-Sl promoter showed optimal promoter activity in transgenic A. thaliana. The deletion mutants of β-TbSt promoter also expressed GUS gene in major tissues of A. thaliana but the expression was not good in roots due to removal of some of the root specific motifs and light inducible motifs. The β-TbBr promoter showed flower specific expression in A. thaliana. The β-TbSt promoter and susy-Sl promoter were found highly constitutive while the full length β-TbBr promoter can be utilized for the expression of salt inducible genes under stress conditions and the deletions of this promoter can be utilized for the floral specific expression of transgenes in plant genetic engineering.
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