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وکالت کی تحقیق فقہاء کرام کی نظرمیں |
Rahat-ul-Quloob
Rahat-ul-Quloob

Article Info
Authors

Volume

3

Issue

2

Year

2019

ARI Id

1682060029185_1241

Pages

169-182

DOI

10.51411/rahat.3.2.2019.82

PDF URL

https://rahatulquloob.com/index.php/rahat/article/download/82/81

Chapter URL

https://rahatulquloob.com/index.php/rahat/article/view/82

Subjects

WAKALAT conditions jurisprudence religious scholars

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المبحث الرابع: دواوين نازك الملائكة بالترتيب

المبحث الرابع: دواوين نازك الملائكة بالترتيب
1۔ صدر لنازک أول دیوان ’’عاشقۃ اللیل‘‘ فی عام 1947م
2۔ الدیوان الثاني ’’شظایا ورماد‘‘ صدر لنازک في عام 1949م ۔
3۔ الدیوان الثالث: ’’قرارۃ الموجۃ‘‘ صدر الدیوان الثالث لنازک الملائکۃ عام 1957م ۔
4۔ الدیوان الرابع (شجرۃ القمر) في عام 1968م صدر ھذا الدیوان في 1968م ۔
5۔ الدیوان الخامس (مأساۃ الحیاۃ وأغنیۃ للإنسان) ۔
جمعت نازک الملائکۃ دواوینھا الخمسۃ، ’’عاشقۃ اللیل‘‘، شظایا ورماد‘‘ ، ’’قرارۃ الموجۃ‘‘، ’’شجرۃ القمر‘‘، مطولۃ شعریۃ ودیوان‘‘ مأساۃ الحیاۃ وأغنیۃ للإنسان‘‘ ۔ ضمن مجلدین صدرا بعنوان (دیوان نازک الملائکۃ) في بیروت وکان ذلک في عام 1971م۔
وآخر قصیدۃ تم نشرھا للشاعرۃ العظیمۃ ورائدۃ ’’الشعر الحر‘‘ ھي قصیدۃ ’’أنا وحدي‘‘ عند ما کانت مریضۃ ومقیمۃ في مصر۔ وبعد وفاۃ زوجھا عبدالھادي محبوبۃ أحسّت الشاعرۃ بأنھا بالفعل وحیدۃ، لیس ھناک من یشارکھا في أفراحھا ولا من یواسیھا في ھمومھا۔۔۔۔۔ توفت الشاعرۃ العظیمۃ وترکت دواوینھا ذکری علی مرّ السنین وداعاً أیتھا المرأۃ القویۃ والإنسانۃ الذکیۃ۔۔۔۔ وداعاً۔
الديوان الأول: "عاشقة الليل"
صدر لنازك الملائكة أول ديوان "عاشقة الليل" في عام 1947م قدمت الشاعرة المعروفة هذه الأبيات الرائعة للعراق والأمة العربية .فهذا جزء من القصيدة
أعبّرعمّا تحسّ حياتي
وارسم إحساس روحي الغريب
فأبكي إذاصدمتني السنين
بخنجرها الأبديّ الرهيب
وأضحك مماقضاه الزمان
على الهيكل الأدميّ العجيب
وأغضب حين يداس الشعور
ويسخرمن فوران اللهيب
وقصيدة وادي العبيد قصيدة رائعة من ديوان " عاشقة الليل " لنازك الملائكة وهي قصيدة حزينة تصف الشاعرة فيها أحاسيسها الحزينة ومشاعرها المليئة بالآلام والمآسي .
الديوان الثاني: "شظايا ورماد "
صدر نازك الملائكة ديوانها الثاني "شظاياورماد" في سنة 1949م .
وفي هذه الأبيات تأكدت ريادتها للشعر الحديث الحر، في مقدمة الديوان وضحت الشاعرة الأوزان الأساسية للشعر الحر، ثم وضحت أهمية الشاعرة بالنسبة إلى اللغة وتقول " أن شاعراً واحداً قد يصنع للغة مالا يصنعهُ ألف نحوي ولغوي مجتمعين . ذلك "أن الشاعر بإحساسه المرهف وسمعه...

Perceptions of Sindhi Muslims Towards Exogamous Marriages: An Exploratory Study

It has been said that exogamous marriages tend to lead to language shift (Igboanus & Wolf, 2009 & Dumanig, David & Shanmuganathan, 2013). In an early study Gal (1978) found that Hungarian women marrying German men in the city of Oberwat had shifted to German to negate their peasant Hungarian ancestry and to move up the socio-economic ladder. Similarly, David and Dealwis (2011) found in their study of Malaysian Sindhi Hindus that exogamous marriages tend to lead to language shift but is not the only reason for the shift away from the heritage language. Therefore, before mixed marriages take place one should study perceptions of the speech community towards such marriages. In this exploratory study, the perceptions of Sindhi Muslims-men and women and from different socio-economic groups towards exogamous marriages are studied. With this objective, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten Sindhi Muslim participants (four male adults and six female adults) who live in Karachi. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded and themes were generated after formal consent was obtained. The findings show that language choice in the home domain is shifting because of intercultural marriages. Also, such marriages are frequent among Sindhi community members with a high socio-economic status who live in cities. Gender plays an equal role too, as the women respondents showed mixed responses towards exogamous marriages while the male respondents had a more positive perception. Such views and perceptions may affect choice of marital partners and language choice in the home domain.

Impact of Tillage and Integrated Plant Nutrient Management on Cereal-Legume Cropping System Uner Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Conditions.

A series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the integrated application of organic and inorganic nutrient source, cropping systems and different tillage methods under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions and study their effects on soil physiochemical properties, soil fertility and crop productivity. The experiments were carried out at Agricultural Research Station Serai Naurang, Bannu, Pakistan. Tillage methods included deep (DT) and conventional shallow tillage (CT) while cropping system consisted of wheat-maize-wheat, wheat-mungbean-wheat under irrigated condition and wheat-mungbean-wheat, wheat-fallow-wheat under non-irrigated condition. The fertilizers treatments were farmer’s practice T1 (50 % NP), balance inorganic fertilizers T2 (100 % NPK recommended dose i.e. 120, 90 and 60 kg ha-1), integrated inorganic and organic fertilizers T3 (50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1) and T4 (25 % N + 100 % PK + 20 tons FYM ha-1). The experimental design was RCB with split-split plot arrangement having three replications. Tillage was allotted to main plots, cropping system to subplots and fertilizer treatments to sub-subplots. Deep tillage treatment resulted higher soil available water holding capacity, mineral N and lower soil bulk density than CT under both the conditions. Higher wheat straw, grain and total NPK uptakes was observed in DT than CT. The straw and grain yield of wheat significantly increased with deeply ploughed plots under both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. However, soil organic matter (OM), AB-DTPA extractable P and K, pH, microbial biomass and population was not affected by any tillage methods. Mungbean-wheat cropping system had performed better than maize-wheat or fallow-wheat. Greater soil OM, mineral N, N uptake, microbial biomass and microbial population was recorded in mungbean-wheat rotation than fallow-wheat under non-irrigated condition, whereas higher wheat straw and grain yield was recorded in mungbean-wheat compared to maize-wheat rotation under irrigated condition. Similarly, incorporation of FYM either 10 tons with 50 % N + 100 % PK (T3) or 20 tons with 25 % N + 100 % PK (T4) had increased soil available water holding capacity, organic matter, mineral N, AB-DTPA extractable P and K, microbial biomass and population but decreased soil bulk density under both conditions. Greater straw N, P and K contents were measured in plots having 50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1 and 25 % N + 100 % PK + 20 tons FYM ha-1 compared to the plots receiving sole mineral fertilizers, whereas grain N was increased in plots receiving balance inorganic fertilizers under both the conditions. Integrated application of 50 % N + 100 % PK with 10 tons FYM ha-1 had improved straw, grain and total N, P and K uptakes compared to other treatments under each conditions. Fertilization of 50 % N + 100 % PK with 10 tons FYM ha-1 had further improved wheat grain yield with 56 % increase under irrigated condition and 49 % increase over farmer’s practice under non-irrigated condition followed by the plots receiving sole recommended 100 % NPK. The summer crops of maize and mungbean responded significantly to combine application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Addition of 50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1 had increased maize grain and stover yield compared to the other treatments under irrigated condition. Plots incorporated with 50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1 or 25 % N + 100 % PK + 20 tons FYM ha-1 produced comparable yield of mungbean, but significantly higher from plots having sole inorganic fertilizers under both the conditions. Integrated use of 50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1 with DT under wheat-mungbean-wheat cropping system had improved crop productivity and soil fertility beside soil health and environmental benefits and thus recommended for irrigated and non-irrigated wheat sowing in agro-climatic condition of Bannu, Pakistan.