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یحییٰ اعظمی

یحییٰ اعظمی
ناظرین کو یہ معلوم کر کے افسوس ہوگا کہ دفتر دارالمصنفین کے منصرم یحییٰ صاحب اعظمی نے چند دنوں کی علالت کے بعد ۲۲؍ فروری کو انتقال کیا، وہ عمر بھر دارالمصنفین سے وابستہ رہے اور مرکر اس سے جدا ہوئے، مرحوم بڑے متدین اور دفتری کاموں میں تجربہ کار تھے، ہزاروں روپیے کا کاروبار ان کے ہاتھ میں تھا اور کبھی ایک حبہ کا فرق نہیں نکلتا تھا، ایسے قابل اعتماد آدمی مشکل سے ملیں گے، طبیعت میں حد سے زیادہ نظافت و نفاست تھی، بڑی صاف ستھری زندگی بسر کرتے تھے، ان کا دفتری کام بھی بڑا صاف ستھرا تھا، خشک دفتری کاموں کے ساتھ خوشگو شاعر بھی تھے، ان کے کلام کے دو مجموعے ’’نوائے حیات‘‘ اور ’’نوائے عصر‘‘ شائع ہوچکے ہیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، مارچ ۱۹۷۲ء)

A True Vision of Human Rights in Islam

If one accepts the premise of the Old Testament that Adam was created in the image of God, this implies that the divine stamp gives human beings a high value of worth. In similar vein, the Quran says: Surely we have accorded dignity to the Sons of Man. So too, in the Bhagavad-Gita: Who sees his Lord Within every creature deathlessly dwelling amidst the mortal: That man sees truly. Put another way, in a religious context, every human being is considered sacred. Believing in a common universal Divine force, which gives rise to a common humanity and from this flows a universality of certain rights. Since the rights stem from a divine source, they are inalienable by mortal authority. This concept is found not only in the Judaeo-Christian tradition but in Islam in its more advanced and wider perspective. The present study is an attempt to provide an epilogue on human rights given in the Qur’an and Sunnah. It is an in-depth analysis of Human Rights and dignity of person, encompassing its various dimensions. The study is an attempt to understand the true philosophy of human rights in Islam. It aims at providing an ethical and legal basis for the realization of implementation of human rights in the world states in general and in the Muslim states in particular.

Preparation and Evaluation of Legume Based Weaning Foods

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is the leading nutritional problem worldwide especially in infants. It refers to the macronutrient deficiency resulting from an inadequate intake of protein and energy. Legumes are locally available, cheaper source of protein and can complement cereals to prepare weaning foods to combat PEM. Among the legumes, cowpea and mungbean have good protein and amino acid profile, but may contain certain anti-nutritional components. Roasting was employed to increase the nutritional profile of the product and to reduce anti-nutritional factors in the product. In the present study, roasted cowpea and mungbean flours were analyzed for anti-nutritional factors (hemagglutinin & trypsin inhibitor activities and phytate content) and were mixed with wheat flour to make composite flour. The proximate analysis of mungbean depicted higher moisture and ash contents (5.93 and 4.02%) as compared to cowpea (3.37 and 3.35%), whereas crude protein, fat & fiber contents in cowpea were higher (23.10, 2.05 & 3.57%) than mungbean (22.45, 1.34 & 3.07%), respectively. The mineral profile explicated that potassium, calcium, sodium, iron and zinc were 28.19, 387.51, 61.20, 78.33 and 45.75 mg/100g in cowpea while 10.46, 7.55, 5.31, 1.28 and 2.17 mg/100g in mungbean respectively. After roasting, phytate contents presented decrement in cowpea and mungbean up to 67.03 and 71.12% as compared to raw counterparts, respectively. Likewise, the percent decrease in hemagglutinin-lectin and trypsin inhibitor activities were 68.85 & 78.47% and 79.81 & 77.00% in roasted cowpea & mungbean as compared to raw versions, accordingly. Amongst composite flours, T0 (100% Wheat flour) had highest moisture content 12.22%, T3 (30% cowpea) showed highest protein content 13.14% while crude fat, crude fiber and ash contents were maximum in T9 (15% cowpea & 15% mungbean) as 1.69, 1.12 and 1.29%, correspondingly. Furthermore, maximum nitrogen free extract (NFE) value was observed in T5 (20% mungbean) as 76.32% and highest water absorption & oil absorption capacity was noticed in T3 1.44 mL/g & T8 (10% cowpea & 10% mungbean) 1.16 mL/g, respectively. Additionally, the emulsion capacity was highest in T8 as 75.75% while emulsion stability was maximum in treatment; T2 (20% cowpea) i.e. 53.33%. Highest foaming stability was observed in T8 as 68.67%, whereas highest foaming capacity (44.74%) was reported in T3. In the product development phase, nine weaning foods were prepared using different ratios of cowpea and mungbean. Three most acceptable weaning food prototypes; W2= Roasted cowpea (20%)+wheat flour (30%)+rice flour (13%)+sugar (10%)+vegetable oil (10%)+milk powder (16%)+vitamin-mineral mix (1%), W5= Roasted mungbean (20%)+wheat flour (30%)+rice flour (13%)+sugar (10%)+vegetable oil (10%)+milk powder (16%)+vitamin-mineral mix (1%) and W8= Roasted cowpea & mungbean (10:10%)+wheat flour (30%)+rice flour (13%)+sugar (10%)+vegetable oil (10%)+milk powder (16%)+vitamin-mineral mix (1%) were selected on the basis of sensory response with overall acceptability scored as 7.67, 7.66 and 7.92 and were renamed as W1S, W2S and W3S, respectively however, Wc= soybean (20%)+wheat flour (30%)+rice flour (13%)+sugar (10%)+vegetable oil (10%)+milk powder (16%)+vitamin-mineral mix (1%) was run as control. Amongst the selected weaning foods, W2S had more moisture content (4.58%) while higher crude protein was found in W3S (17.01%). On the other hand, fat, fiber and ash were highest in WC as 11.11, 4.57 and 2.67% respectively. W3S showed higher loose and packed bulk density values as well as reconstitution index, viscosity and gross calorific value. Regarding growth study parameters, protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR) and relative net protein ratio (RNPR) were viewed maximum in W3 as 2.65, 3.34 and 53.18 among the prepared treatments and found relatively comparable with Wc (2.84, 6.28 and 100), correspondingly. In nitrogen balance study, true digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU) were highest in W3S as 80.31, 85.09 and 82.67% i.e. quite equivalent to Wc values (91.25, 91.84 & 89.37%), respectively. The acceptability appraisal of prepared infant formulations was conducted through short term infant feeding trails with the help of nursing mothers. The acceptability scores were ranged from 3.18 to 4.07 (out of 5) from day 1 to day 15. Conclusively, the selected legume based weaning foods presented comparable characteristics to that of existing soy based equivalents in terms of protein content, energy value and acceptability test as well as its impact on growth & nitrogen balance aspects.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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