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نیند آنکھوں میں نہیں خواب کہاں سے آئیں

نیند آنکھوں میں نہیں خواب کہاں سے آئیں
ہم سے دیوانوں کو کیا سنگ جہاں سے آئیں

تیرگی بخت کی یک لخت کہاں بدلے گی
پھول جب تک نہ ترے لفظ و بیاں سے آئیں

میں ترے عشق میں کچھ ایسے فنا ہو جائوں
لینے رضوان مجھے خلدِ جناں سے آئیں

مجھ سزاوار کی ہے تیرے لبوں سے امید
یہ نہ ہو آنکھیں نکل اشکِ رواں سے آئیں

ایک شوریدہ سری ہے جو فضاؔ پر طاری
پھول آئیں یا بھلے سنگ، بتاں سے آئیں

عدالتی خلع اورپاکستانی عدالتوں کے فیصلوں کی روشنی میں اس کی قانونی بنیادیں Judicial Khul’ and its Legal Grounds in the light of Decisions of Pakistani Courts

The doctrine of Khul’ has, within the course of last few years, assumed a great deal of importance in Pakistan because literacy rate in women is increasing rapidly and their dependency on men is decreasing. Now, women can easily make their own decisions with free consent due to their some awareness about their rights, especially regarding dissolution of marriage. Majority of women is still ignorant about dissolution of marriage on the ground of Khul’. Therefore, it is very necessary to explain all different aspects of “doctrine of Khul’” for ensuring justice in our society. The present research has mainly explored the grounds of judicial Khul’ and other relevant incidents in the light of Pakistani Case Law based on Islamic family Law. The research is based primarily on the decisions of superior courts of Pakistan. The decisions of family courts of Pakistan have been included in the discussion. The relevant provisions of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 and the Family Courts Act, 1964 have also been debated. The difference between Khul’ and other modes of dissolution of marriage have also been elaborated briefly.

Steady Flow of Fluids With Variable Viscosity

Nanofluids have wide range applications in processes involving heat transfer due to their proficient thermal conductivity. Such fluids exhibit substantial viscosity variation with temperature. This dissertation presents oblique stagnation point flow of variable viscosity nanofluid over a stretching surface. Porous medium, magnetic field, heat generation, thermal radiation and homogeneous-heterogeneous effects along with partial slip, thermal slip and convective surface are considered. Micro-rotation phenomenon is also fused with nanofluid flow comprising micropolar nanofluid. Nanofluid thermal conductivity is estimated by Maxwell-Garnett model, Hamilton Crosser thermal conductivity model is also employed when shape effects of nanoparticles are considered. Flow problems are first modeled and afterwards converted to non-linear system of ODEs via appropriate similarity transformations. Numerical solutions are obtained via stable and efficient Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg scheme with shooting quadrature and Keller-Box scheme. The impact of key emerging dimensionless parameters on non-dimensional normal, tangential velocity constituents, temperature, shear stress (at wall), heat flux along with streamlines distribution is visualized by graphs.
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