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اہلیہ سید سلیمان ندوی

اہلیہ محترمہ مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی ؒ
کراچی کے ایک مکتوب سے یہ المناک خبر ملی کہ استاذی المعظم حضرت مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کی اہلیہ محترمہ ۲۳؍ جولائی ۱۹۸۷؁ء کو اپنی اولاد کو آنسوؤں کے سیل رواں میں چھوڑ کر عالم جاودانی کو سدھاریں۔ اِنَّا ﷲ وَاِنَّا اِلیہ راجعون۔
یہ تعزیتی تحریر دارالمصنفین کے احاطہ میں اس گھر میں لکھی جارہی ہے جہاں حضرت استاذی المحترم نے اپنی زندگی کے بہترین بلکہ بہار آفریں اور مشک آگیں دور گزارے ہیں، وہ یہاں کے کتب خانہ میں اپنی میز پر سیرۃ النبیؐ، معارف کے شذرات، علمی، مذہبی اور ادبی مضامین میں اپنے علم و عرفان کے مروارید، نظر و فکر کے زمرد اور ادب و انشا کے درشا ہوار بکھیر کر داخل ہوتے تو پہلے اپنی سب سے چھوٹی اولاد کو اپنی آغوش شفقت میں لیتے، پھر ان کی اور اولادیں ان کے یمین ویسار میں سما جاتیں، جس کے بعد علمی میز پر ان کو جو تکان ہوتی وہ یکایک دور ہوجاتی، اور ان کے چہرے پر بشاشت، ان کی ہر ادا میں نزہت اور ان کی بزرگی میں روحانیت دکھائی دیتی، وہ اپنے بچوں کے شگفتہ چہروں کو دیکھتے تو ان کی آنکھیں جنت بن جاتیں، ان کی معصوم باتوں کو سنتے تو ان کے کان فردوس گوش بن جاتے، پھر فضا میں پدری مہرومحبت کی کوثر و سلسبیل نظر آتیں، اسی فضا میں ان کی اہلیہ محترمہ نے بھی زندگی گزاری، اس گھر میں وہ تقریباً ۱۰ برس رہیں۔
سید صاحب اپنی گھریلو زندگی میں بہت ہی نفاست پسند تھے، ان کی ہر چیز بہت سلیقہ، صفائی اور ستھرائی سے رہتی، مرحومہ بھی فطری طور پر بہت ہی سلیقہ مند، مہذب، عبادت گزار اور باوقار تھیں، جس سے سید صاحب کو اپنی زندگی میں بڑی مدد ملتی رہتی، دارالمصنفین کی قلیل آمدنی میں دونوں...

Beyond Ritualism: Impact and Implications of Ḥajj on the Society of Pakistan

Ḥajj―an annual Islamic congregation―is a supreme manifestation of Faith (Imān) in which muslims assemble to pronounce explicitly their subservience and loyalty to Almighty Allah alone. Besides freeing themselves from the squalor of Shirk, Muslims satiate their souls with the feelings of ‘Faith’ and ‘Unity.’ This fact is purely accomplished when the Muslims shed off their outer difference by donning the dress of unity (Iḥrām). Ḥajj is a perfect blend between ‘Creator’ and ‘creature’, ‘soul’ and ‘spirit’ on the one hand and an enduring and invaluable expression physically, socially, and materially on the other. From this pragmatic Institution, Pakistan―one of the premier countries of the Islamic world―can derive unprecedented benefits politically, socially, and economically. One of the important objectives of the paper is to describe the significance of Ḥajj to the people of Pakistan. In so doing, the paper examines and explores, objectively and analytically, the institution of Ḥajj and its implications on the Muslim world, particularly Pakistan. The first section of the paper, “Ḥajj―At a Glance”, presents meaning and historical background of Ḥajj. The second section “Revitalizing the Ḥajj”, besides presenting the revitalization of the Institution by the final Messenger (peace be upon him) also gives an overview of some of the very important rituals to be realized (during Ḥajj). The subsequent sections, “Socio-Economic Dimension of Ḥajj” and “Ḥajj―Implications and Impact on the Society of Pakistan”, describe respectively the socio-economic impact and leverage of the Ḥajj on the Muslim world in general and on Pakistan in particular. The study is followed by “Conclusion” wherein it has been argued that the Ḥajj can bring an immense transformation and positivity in a country if its sweetness is sought in all earnestness.

Unit Commitment Using Hybrid Approaches

Unit Commitment is an important and vital optimization task in a power control centre. After load forecasting it is the second step in the planning process. It consists of two linked optimization problems. It comprises unit on/off scheduling problem and the economic dispatch sub-problem. The on/off scheduling problem is a 0-1 combinatorial problem with equality and inequality constraints, while the economic dispatch sub-problem is a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Unit commitment is a nonlinear, large scale, combinatorial, constrained optimization problem. The complete unit commitment optimization problem is to minimize the total production cost (TPC) of utility in such a way that the constraints such as load demand, spinning reserve, minimum and maximum power limits of units, minimum up (MUT) and minimum down times (MDT) are satisfied. Therefore, based on the forecasted load demand, preparing proper on/off schedule of generators can result in cost saving for utility. It is much more difficult problem to solve due to its high dimensionality. The present work is based on the scheduling of thermal units. The generation of initial feasible UC schedules is much important, for the UCP. When initial feasible schedules (generation > load + spinning reserve) are generated randomly, it is difficult to get feasible schedules for the whole daily forecasted load curve. In this work initial schedule is generated by considering the peak, off peak load of the forecasted load curve, must run and must out units based on a new priority list method. The proposed method is very efficient and fast in generating initial unit commitment schedules. In this work the MUT and MDT constraints are checked and repaired by using bit change operator. The trial solutions were generated by taking upper four units in the priority list at each hour to avoid entrapment in local minimum.vi In the unit commitment problem, the economic load dispatch (ELD) sub-problem is an intensive part and its calculations consume a large amount of time. Convex economic dispatch using load to efficient unit and incremental cost criterion methods have been solved. In this work, the ELD calculation for non convex problem has been solved using genetic algorithm (GA) based on real power search method. In the present work, three hybrid approaches have been developed for the convex and non-convex cost functions and applied first time to solve the unit commitment problem. To implement these algorithms a flexible and extensible computational framework has been developed to run in visual C++ environment. The proposed algorithms are (i) “hybrid of dynamic programming, particle swarm optimization and artificial neural network algorithms (DP-PSO- ANN) for convex cost function, (ii) “Neuro-Genetic hybrid approach for non-convex cost function” and (iii) “hybrid of full load average production cost and maximum power output, for convex and non convex cost functions”. For comparison the neural network trained with back propagation learning rule has also been developed. The proposed models have been tested on IEEE 3 and 10 units standard test systems. The significant improvement in the total production cost shows the promise of these hybrid models. National utility system, National Transmission and despatch Company (NTDC) has been reviewed with reference to its operation problems. Four test systems consisting of 12, 15, 25 and 34 units of NTDC system have been tested.
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