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پروفیسر افغان اﷲ خاں

پروفیسر افغان اﷲ
یہ خبر افسوس ناک ہے کہ اردو کے ایک اور خدمت گزار پروفیسر افغان اﷲ خاں صاحب نے بھی اچانک آخرت کا رخت سفر باندھ لیا، ایک سمینار میں شرکت کے لیے انہوں نے دہلی کا سفر کیا تھا لیکن کیا خبر تھی کہ یہ اس دنیا کے آخری سفر کی تیاری تھی، سمینار کے پہلے روز وہ پورے نشاط کے ساتھ مختلف نشستوں میں شریک رہے، دوسرے روز دل میں درد اٹھا جس نے دنیا کے ہر دکھ سے ان کو نجات دے دی، وہ گورکھ پور یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ اردو کے صدر تھے، سکونت بھی اسی شہر میں تھی لیکن رہنے والے اصلاً وہ اعظم گڑھ کے ایک گاؤں خالص پور کے تھے شروع سے ذہین تھے، فراق گورکھ پوری پر جناب محمود الٰہی کے زیر نگرانی پی ایچ ڈی کی سند حاصل کی اور اس شان سے کہ موضوع پر یہ مقالہ خود سند بن گیا، کئی کتابیں سپرد قلم کیں، تاریخ ہند سے متعلق طراز ظہیری ان کی آخری تالیف تھی، باغ و بہار شخصیت کے مالک تھے، دارالمصنفین سے رشتہ اخلاص تھا، آخری بار وہ علامہ شبلی سمینار میں شرکت کی غرض سے یہاں آئے تھے، اتفاق ہے کہ مارچ کے معارف میں ان کا مضمون شائع ہوا، وہ ایک ہمدرد استاد، ہمدرد دوست اور ہمدرد انسان تھے، یو پی اردو اکیڈمی بھی ان کی سرگرمیوں کا مرکز تھی، گوشہ نشین اردو کے خادموں کی خدمت انہوں نے بے غرض ہو کر کی، صرف ۵۷ سال کی عمر میں ان کا اس طرح رخصت ہوجانا اردو کے لیے ہی نہیں، انسانیت اور شرافت کی دنیا کے لیے ایک بڑا حادثہ اور خسارہ ہے، خدا مغفرت فرمائے، آمین۔ ( عمیر الصدیق دریابادی ندوی ، اپریل ۲۰۰۸ء)

 

دلالة النص على مبادئ الشريعة الإسلامية في الدساتير العربية وأثره في تنظيم مبدأ المساواة بين المواطنين

This research is about the effect of text meaning on the constitutional rule that related to the Islamic Sharia principles. The Islamic Sharia principles are the source of legislation in the Arab constitutions. It will also look in the impact of this constitutional rule on organizing the principle of equality among citizens in various fields; equality in front of the law and judicature, and equality in rights and freedoms. In particular, this research highlights how the impact of text on the constitutional rule affects on organizing the equality between Muslim and non-Muslim citizens, also between men and women of Muslim citizens. Thus, this research has been split into four topics that addressed respectively as follows: First, what is Islamic Sharia and Legislation in Islamic Fiqh (doctrine). Second, the semantics of multiple formulations of the Islamic Sharia principle as a source of legislation in the constitution. Third, the principle of equality in both, the Islamic Sharia and the positive law. Finally, the impact of the text on the Islamic Sharia principle of Arab constitutions in organizing the equality principle among citizens. The research concluded with set of results that can be summarized as follows: Every formula that has been used in the constitutional rule of the Islamic Sharia principle in the Arabic countries has a different semantics and results that lead to different obligations in the way of organizing the equality principle in the legislative bodies either in constitution's document or in ordinary laws. Also, the research concluded that the Islamic Sharia as a public principle doesn't conflict with the positive law in recognizing the equality principle among citizens in different fields, but the conflict is in the understanding and application of some fields of equality among citizens in different religions and genders. The researcher came with set of recommendations including clarifying wording of the text that related to the Islamic Sharia principle in the Arab constitution rules. These clarifications should prevent any other interpretations. In addition, the researcher suggested to adopt this formula: the original principles of Islamic Sharia is the main source of legislation. Also, formulations of equality principle among citizens in all its manifestations in the constitutions must be consistent with the original Islamic Sharia principle. Also, all the texts that related to the equality among citizens, and between men and women should included the sentence "with no conflict with the original Islamic Sharia principles".

Comparative Analysis of Representation of Religious Minorities in Pakistani and Indian Print Media 1990-2010

The research study, “comparative analysis of representation of religious minorities in Pakistani and Indian print media (1990 – 2010)”, was aimed to analyze the pattern of minority representation in Pakistani and Indian print media. It also investigated whether there are any biases with regard to the representation of religious minorities and specifically Indian Muslims and Pakistani Hindus in their respective print media considering the political relations between Pakistan and India in the selected time period. Furthermore, the study highlighted the included and excluded discourses related to minorities in the Pakistani and Indian print media. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were applied to analyze the media text. Working under the theory of media hegemony the study concluded that there is an unequal and biased representation of religious minorities in Pakistani and Indian print media. Pakistani print media has been more silent with respect to Pakistani Hindus whereas Indian print media has given more negative representation to Indian Muslims. The nature of representation of Hindu and Muslim minority of both countries has not been found in relation with the broader political relations between Pakistan and India. Moreover, particular issues related to different religious minorities have been raised in both media.
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