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پاپائے رومہ بنڈکٹ پانزدہم

پاپائے رومہ ، بنڈکٹ پانز دہم

            آغاز سال رواں میں پاپائے رومہ، بنڈکٹ پانز دہم نے انتقال فرمایا، ان سطروں کے شائع ہونے تک ان کے جانشین کا بھی انتخاب ہوچکا ہوگا، جس وقت سے پاپائیت کا باضابطہ عہدہ قائم ہوا ہے، صدہا افراد اس منصب پر مامور رہ چکے ہیں، بلکہ اگر ابتدائی عیسوی صدیوں کے بشپ صاحبوں کو بھی اس فہرست میں شامل سمجھا جائے تو شاید شمار سیکڑوں سے متجاور ہوجائے، سوال صرف اس قدر ہے کہ اس طویل و عظیم فہرست میں کسی غیر یورپی شخص کا بھی نام تلاش کرنے سے مل سکتا ہے؟ مسیحیت کے حدود تو ماشاء اﷲ ایشیاء، افریقہ کے گوشہ گوشہ تک وسیع ہوچکے ہیں اور ان ممالک میں کروڑوں باشندہ ’’ابن اﷲ‘‘ کے کلمہ گو موجود ہیں، پھر کیا اب تک ان بے شمار نفوس میں ایک شخص بھی یورپی مسیحیوں کی ہم سطح وہم پلہ نہیں پیدا ہوسکا ہے؟

(سید سليمان ندوی، فروری ۱۹۲۲ء)

 

Parental Factors Affecting Student's Self-Concept and Academic Performance Amid Modular Distance Learning

Nelda B. Caasi Palawan National School, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines Parental factors impact students’ self-concept and academic performance during the pandemic. Thus, this study determined the students’ self-concept and academic performance and the parental factors related to it. The research design was descriptive-correlational, and 500 nonrandom college students in West Philippines participated in the study. Researcher-made instruments were used, which were subjected to reliability and validity evaluation. Data were collected online from June 2021 to July 2022 and were analyzed using descriptive (frequency counts and percentage) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation). Results revealed a positive self-concept and satisfactory academic performance among the students. Besides, parental factors such as educational attainment and school/classroom involvement are significantly related to self-concept and academic performance. Further, self-concept is significantly associated with academic performance. This shows that some parental factors are vital in developing the student’s self-beliefs and supporting their studies and academic endeavors amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies may consider more factors related to academic achievement and self-concept. Other researchers may find the mediation or moderation effect of self-concept between parental factors and students’ scholastic achievement.

Economic Analysis of Factors Affecting Poverty in Rural Areas of Punjab, “Primary Versus Secondary Data Analysis”

In Pakistan poverty is rural phenomenon. Though poverty exists in urban areas also but rural poverty presents a bleak picture. Rural poverty varies with area to area, with division to division and with district to district. It is necessary to diagnose the disease before its proper treatment. In the history of Pakistan the persistent increase in rural poverty with very few examples of its decreasing provide enough material and arise numbers of questions in the mind of researcher. Most of the researcher used secondary data to find the different forms of poverty and its causes on province basis or on country basis. Little attention was given to find and analyze economically the factors on division and district basis. The present study is to analyze the factors of rural poverty economically on division and district basis in the Punjab province. This study focuses on the key determinants of the poverty in rural areas of Bahawalpur division. An empirical analysis of poverty determinants carried out is based on primary as well as secondary data. Secondary data source for regression analysis is Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) for the years 2001-02, 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2007-08. . The estimation of incidence of poverty in Punjab in the year 2001-02 was 37.9 percent. In year 2004-05 the percentage of population living blow the poverty line was 28.6 percent where as the incidence of poverty in the year 2005-06 was 21.4 percent. The percentage of population blow the poverty line was 19.4 in the year 2007-08. The incidence of poverty decreased gradually from the 2001-02, 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2007-08. The better economic policies of the government and the execution of development projects in the rural area particularly in the infrastructure sector alleviate the poverty in rural areas of Punjab. Need based development interventions keeping in view the specific measures for specific region can go a long way in alleviating poverty in rural areas.
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