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مولانا محمد تقی امینی

مولانا محمد تقی امینی
’’آفتاب جوغروب ہوگیا‘‘
تیرہ وتار تھی پہلے ہی یہاں شام حیات
;دامن چرخ سے ایک اورستارہ ٹوٹا
Eکوئی بتلاؤ میری قوم کے معصوموں کو
9کون برباد ہواکس کاسہارا ٹوٹا
Jیہی کوئی دن کے ساڑھے بارہ بجے ہوں گے جب ہمارے ایک دوست نے اطلاع دی کہ مولانا محمدتقی امینی صاحب کاانتقال ہوگیا۔یہ خبر سنتے ہی اولاً توسکتہ کی سی کیفیت ہوگئی۔ کانوں کو جیسے یقین نہ آیا ہو۔ابھی تقریباً ایک گھنٹہ قبل انہوں نے مجھے یاد فرمایا تھا۔ میں حاضر ہواتو دیکھا کہ دھوپ سینک رہے ہیں۔ اورخاصے روبہ صحت معلوم ہورہے ہیں لیکن اب اچانک یہ خبر؟کیاواقعی مولٰینا کا انتقال ہوگیاہے۔کیاسچ مچ مولانا ہم سے جدا ہوگئے ہیں؟ کیایہ سچ ہے کہ مولٰینا نے رخت سفر باندھ لیا ہے اور کوچ کرگئے؟ کیاامت کایہ درشاہوار بے نور ہوگیا؟ کیایہ عظیم المرتبت شخصیت ہمیں داغ مفارقت دے گئی ؟ کیااُمّت کی تقدیر کے آسمان سے ایک اورستارہ شہاب ثاقب ہوگیا؟ ___ہم جلدی سے مولٰینا کے گھر کی طرف لپکے مگردروازے ہی پر جیسے کسی نے قدم پکڑ لیے ہوں۔نالہ وشیون کی آوازیں ایسا ثبوت تھیں کہ ہمیں اس خبر پریقین کرنے کے کے سوا کوئی چارہ نہیں تھا ۔ ؂
چل بسا داغؔ آہ میت اسکی زیب دوش ہے
آخری شاعر جہان آباد کا خاموش ہے
پروفیسر سابق ڈین فکلٹی آف تھیالوجی مولٰینا محمدتقی امینی صاحب کے اُٹھ جانے سے ایک پوری انجمن خالی ہوگئی ہے،وہ ایک شخصیت نہیں بلکہ ایک کارواں تھے۔ وہ ایک آدمی نہیں بلکہ ایک انجمن تھے۔ایک بزم اورایک محفل تھے۔اگران کوآج کے دور میں علماء کاسرخیل کارواں کہاجائے، میں سمجھتاہوں کہ بے جا نہ ہوگا۔ ان کی ذات اپنے آپ میں ایک ادارہ تھی۔وہ علم وحکمت کاچلتا پھرتا خزانہ تھے۔ اُن کے دم سے علی گڑھ میں علم دین کی قندیل روشن تھی،جب کبھی کوئی دینی، فقہی...

Role of Masjid in Social Reformation in Contemporary Pashtun Society: A Case Study of District Bannu and Lakki Marwat, Pakistan

Pulpit and Masjid play very pivotal and productive role in a Muslim society. It not only educates and guides Muslims in religious matters as well shapes the social attitude and role of Muslims. Moreover, it is evident by the history that Islamic State was run by the Head of the State from Masjid. Unfortunately, pulpit and Masjid have been losing sense of their actual responsibility as an agent of social cohesion, integration and reformation. The paper is an attempt of studying the current role of pulpit and Masjid regarding religious education and training, exploring the factors that have been hampering the way of realizing the dream of social reformation in contemporary Pashtun society by not allowing pulpit and Masjid to play its due role in this respect and suggesting feasible recommendation for coping with the issue. The study is based on primary data that was collected through questionnaire in District Bannu and Lakki Marwat.

Synthesis and Pharmacological Profiling of Gabapentin and Pregabalin Derivatives As Potential Therapeutic Agents in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain

The present work describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of gabapentin (GBP) and pregabalin (PGB) derivatives as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Synthesis of novel molecules for the treatment of different disease conditions has long been a strategy of the synthetic chemists. Organic synthesis utilizes the fundamental approach for the development of active molecules utilizing the hypothesis that the active molecules bind to an active site of enzymes or proteins with the subsequent response in the shape of a distinct biological activity. Chemically modifying the active molecule might result in an increase, decline or modification of the biological activity. From this basic thought, a panoptic range of dissimilar structures can be derived, extending to the development of superior and more efficient therapeutic agents. The hypothesis of modifying the structures of the PGB and GBP in an attempt to obtain newer molecules for the treatment of neuropathic pain with higher therapeutic potential, safety, and lesser side effects (as associated with the currently available treatments of neuropathic pain), persuaded us to chemically change their structures by incorporating salicylaldehyde moiety at their amine functionality. Neuropathic pain, the pain that originates from neuronal damage, is a chronic and enfeebling condition that imparts a lot of distress to the patients suffering from it. A number of studies have revealed a potential effectiveness of opioids, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), mexilitine, tramadol, and anticonvulsants like PGB, GBP, phenytoin, and lamotrigine for painful neuropathic conditions. Nevertheless, all these therapies only have an effectiveness rate of 30-50 percent in reducing pain and are treatment with these agents is stopped due to serious side effects, sedation being the most common.PGB and GBP are amino acids with anticonvulsant, analgesic and anxiolytic like activities. PGB was intended as a lipophilic analogue of GABA and was substituted at 3 position in order to assist its passage across the blood brain barrier (BBB). On the other hand, GBP was developed initially for the treatment of partial seizures (as add on therapy) but it was found to have effects in the treatment of post herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in various neuropathic preclinical pain models. The gabapentinoid anticonvulsants, PGB and GBP, have established efficacy in both preclinical and clinical neuropathic and chronic cancer pain research. PGB and GBP, though are the GABA analogues, but have a distinct mechanism of action than that of GABA. They act on the α2δ1 subunit of voltage gated calcium channels whereas GABA acts either on GABAA, GABAB or GABAC receptors. GBP has been utilized for the treatment of a range of neuropathic pain, anxiety, inflammation and in a number of other conditions. Similarly, the effectiveness of PGB in these conditions is well documented. After synthesis of PGB and GBP derivatives and their chemical characterization utilizing various analytical tools like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV, and MS, these derivative were evaluated by employing various pharmacological assays. Following the synthesis and characterization of these compounds (PGS and GPS), acute toxicity study was undertaken to institute the safety windows. In the third phase, after synthesis and toxicological study, these derivatives were then tested inthe preliminary paradigms of nociception (hot plate and abdominal stretch tests in mice), inflammation (carrageenan, histamine, and serotonin induced paw edema models in mice) , and pyrexia (Brewer''s yeast induced pyrexia model in mice) where they showed significant antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic proclivities. The antinociceptive effects of PGS and GPS in abdominal stretch test were ostensibly antagonized naloxone, while the antinociceptive effects of these compounds in the hot plate test were preferentially antagonized by naloxone (1 mg/kg, s.c) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (15 mg/kg, i.p). The promising results from antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic assays intrigued us to evaluate these compounds for their antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic potential in various neuropathic pain models including diabetes-induced (disease induced), chemotherapy-induced (treatment-induced) and chronic constriction injury induced (surgically-induced) neuropathic pain using either von Frey filament or cotton bud stimuli. In case of diabetes induced neuropathy model, antivulvodynic effects of these compounds were also evaluated. Here, hyperglycemia was induced via single injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). PGS (30, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) and GPS (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg) showed static/dynamic anti-allodynic [(increased paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and latency (PWL)] in addition to static/dynamic anti-vulvodynia effects [increased flinching response threshold (FRT) and latency (FRL)], when compared to the positive controls, PGB (30 mg/kg) and GBP (100 mg/kg), and the vehicle control groups. The encouraging results from the STZ induced diabetic neuropathic pain model further enchanted us to evaluate these compounds in a chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy model (CIPN) in rats and also in chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. In CIPN model, both PGS (30, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) and GPS (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg), demonstrated a significant effect in the amelioration of cisplatin (3.0 mg/kg, i.p) induced thermohypoalgesia and allodynia. Thermohypoalgesia attenuating potential of these compound imply an involvement of TRP channels which are specifically associated with thermo-perception. On the other hand, the promising results from the CCI model revealed that PGS and GPS possess significant ameliorating effects on suppressing of the neuropathic pain symptoms like mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, and cold allodynia. Chronic pain and anxiety have a deep connection and keeping this in view, anxiolytic activity of PGS and GPS was evaluated in open-field, staircase, and elevated plus-maze tests. Bothe PGS and GPS produced anxiolytic-like effects at the tested doses that were evident in the open-field epitome from an increased time spent in the centre and no effect on the locomotor activity at all the tested doses, except for 100 mg/kg GPS dose where a mild decrease in locomotion was observed. PGS and GPS decreased the rearing incidence without suppressing the NSA in the staircase test. They also increased the number of entries to and time spent on open arms / central platform, respectively, as well as the frequency of head-dipping in the mouse elevated plus-maze assay. PTZ (15 mg/kg), a non-selective GABA antagonist, preferentially antagonized all these effects produced by PGS and GPS. In conclusion, PGS and GPS revealed promising anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-febrile, anti-allodynia (and anti-vulvodynia), anti-hyperalgesia, anti thermohypoalgesia, and anxiolytic propensities with a wider safety margins.
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