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وجہ تالیف

وجہ تالیف
انسان ہر میدان میں عروج کا خواہاں دکھائی دیتا ہے ۔زوال نام سے خائف ہے ، معاشی، معاشرتی ، سیاسی یا روحانی میدان ہو خواہش اُ س کی یہی ہوتی ہے کہ ان سب پر اُسی کا قبضہ ہو اور دیگر حضرات اِن میادین میں اُس کی دریوزہ گری کریں ، تحریر ہو، تقریر ہو، خطابت ہو، کتابت ہو،سب میدان اپنے نام کرنا چاہتا ہے ۔ لیکن یہ قانون قدرت ہے کہ ملتا وہی ہے جس کے لیے لیس للانسان الا ماسعٰیکے مصداق وُہ جہدِ مسلسل کرتاہے۔ انسانی شخصیت میں جو شعبے نکھار پیدا کرتے ہیں وہ خطابت اور تحریر ہیں ، مقالات و خطابت میں ، انسان اپنا مافی الضمیر یا تواپنی زبان کی حرکت سے بیان کرتا ہے اوریا پھر قلم کو اذنِ خرام دے کر قرطاس ابیض پر کچھ رقم کر کے تخیلات و تصورات کو منصۂ شہود پر لا کر کرتا ہے ۔ ایّام زیست و حیات کے طائر خوش الحان کو محو پرواز رکھنے کے لیے تحریر و تقریر کی فضائے خوشگوار کی اَشد ضرورت ہے ۔ اسی فضاء میں زندگی کی گاڑی بطریقہ احسن اپنی منزل کی طرف رواں دواں ہو سکتی ہے ۔ ان حقائق کو مدِ نظر رکھتے ہوئے عوام النّاس کے لیے بالعموم اور طلباء کے لیے بالخصوص چند عنوانات پر مشتمل مضامین کا انتخاب کیا ہے جو طلباء میں فصاحت و بلاغت کے ساتھ ساتھ اُن کی معاشرتی زندگی میں بھی ممدو معاون ثابت ہوں گے۔ نیز ان کے لیے تحریر و تقریر کے میدان میں مہیمز ثابت ہوں ۔ یہ چنگاری کافی عرصے سے اس وجودِ خاکی میں سلگ رہی تھی کہ کوئی تو ذریعہ ایسا سامنے آئے جس سے نونہالانِ وطن کے دماغ کے دریچوں کو جنبش دی جا سکے اور اُن کی تخلیقی صلاحیتوں کو اُجا گر کیا جا سکے ۔ اِس...

Parental Role in Recognition, Prevention and First Aid Management of Foreign Body Aspiration amongst Children

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a commonly observed, fatal but preventable condition in children. To reduce the incidence of FBA, it is essential to provide parents with knowledge and guidelines regarding the prevention and management of FBA. Objectives: To assess parental knowledge and parental role in the prevention and first aid management of foreign body aspiration in children. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 to September 2019. After IRB approval and informed consent, 151 parents were enrolled through convenient sampling. Data were recorded in a structured questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS version 26. Results: Breathlessness and vomiting were recognized as symptoms of FBA by 49.7% & 7.3% of parents respectively. Hand clutched to throat, color & voice change were recognized as signs by 6.6 %, 9.9 % &10.6 % of the parents. As a first aid measure, 66.2% of individuals knew about back slaps, while only 2% were aware of abdominal thrusts. Literate parents were well aware of the facts that children under the age of three should not consume seeds, hazelnuts, and hard nuts and the child should not laugh or talk while eating compared to illiterate parents (p<0.05) Conclusion: The majority of the parents are not well aware of signs, symptoms, preventive measures and first aid measurements regarding FBA.

Bacterial Diversity in the Root Nodules and Rhizosphere of Chickpea Cicer Arietinum L.

The main objective of the present study was to study bacterial diversity in the root nodules and rhizosphere of chickpea varieties growing in different regions of Pakistan by cultivation on growth media as well as by using culture-independent DNA-based techniques. A total of 60 isolates, including symbiotic (10 isolates) as well as free-living bacteria (50 isolates), were purified from “Desi-type” and “Kabuli-type” chickpea varieties collected from 5 different localities. In pure culture, maximum IAA production was recorded in Kocuria sp. RTL99 (37.77 μg/mL) and maximum phosphate solubilization was recorded in Serratia sp. 5D (119.94 μg/mL). Among the bacterial inocula tested in pot and field experiments, co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp. NTY7 and Ensifer sp. NFY8 was found to be the most effective treatment at all localities and on both varieties of chickpea. To investigate bacterial diversity by culture-independent DNA-based technique, DNA extracted from root nodules and rhizospheric soil was used for pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA and nifH genes. 16S rRNA sequences originating from the nodules revealed occurrence of 10 bacterial phyla. At genus level, 16S rRNA sequences of 111 genera (70.78 % of the total sequences) of culturable bacteria were retrieved from nodule DNA along with 29.22 % sequences of “uncultured” bacteria. In the nodules, a significant fraction i.e., 52.77 % of 16S rRNA sequences and 88.83 % of the nifH sequences among the total sequences retrieved from all sites belonged to genus Mesorhizobium. The 16S rRNA sequences originating from the rhizospheric soil revealed enormous diversity of 22 bacterial phyla. At genus level, 16S rRNA sequences of 313 genera (29.72 % of the total sequences) of culturable bacteria were retrieved from rhizospheric soil DNA along with 70.28 % sequences of “uncultured” bacteria. Mesorhizobial 16S rRNA and nifH sequences retrieved from rhizospheric soil comprised 0.265 % and 16.68 % of the total recovered sequences, respectively. In the present study, sequences related to well-known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Serratia spp. were frequently detected, which lead to targeted isolation of two Serratia strains from the nodules. Both the isolates showed growth improvement of chickpea when used as inoculants for chickpea grown at different localities.
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