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پروفیسر قمر رئیس

پروفیسر قمر رئیس مرحوم
پروفیسر قمر رئیس بھی اپریل کی آخری تاریخوں میں اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے، ایک مہینہ پہلے ’’ایوان اردو‘‘ کے خصوصی اداریہ میں جب انہوں نے چند جانے والوں، خاص طور پر فضا ابن فیضی کا ماتم کرتے ہوئے تمنا ظاہر کی تھی کہ اگر موت ایک ماندگی کا وقفہ ہے تو کاش یہ دینوی اور علامتی طور پر سچ ہوتی لیکن اردو کے درد و بام پر سوگ کا عالم طاری دیکھ کر بڑی حسرت سے کہا کہ یقین نہیں آتا کہ جانے والوں کی رحلت محض ایک ماندگی کا وقفہ ہے، افسوس یہ ماتم کرنے ولا چند دنوں بعد اسی کاروان رفتگان کا حصہ بن کر اردو دنیا کو ایک دیدہ ور صاحب دانش سے محرومی کا کرب دے گیا۔
ان کا وطن شاہ جہاں پور اور نام مصاحب علی خاں ہے لیکن قمر رئیس کی شہرت کی چمک میں اصل نام و وطن چھپ کر رہ گئے، علی گڑھ میں تعلیمی مراحل سے گزرکر تدریسی منزلیں طے کرتے رہے، اس راہ میں تاشقند و سمرقند سے بھی گزر ہوا لیکن شہرت کو بال و پروان کے قلم نے عطا کیے، ۱۹۳۲؁ء میں جب وہ پیدا ہوئے تو اردو کے ترقی پسندوں کی تحریک صرف ذہنوں میں تھی لیکن قمر رئیس کا عالم شباب آیا تو ترقی پسند تحریک کی مقبولیت بھی شباب پر آئی اور فطری طور پر عہد شباب کی بعض بے اعتدالیاں بھی ساتھ لائی، یہ کہنا بے احتیاطی نہیں کہ قمر رئیس کے ذہن کی سلامتی نے ان کو اس فکر سے محفوظ رکھا کہ ترقی پسند ادب کو قدیم ادب اور اس کی بہترین روایات کا منکر ہونا چاہئے، انہوں نے اردو تنقید کو اپنا موضوع بنایا تو اس اقرار کے ساتھ کہ تلاش و تفحص کا جذبہ ہی تنقید کا نقطہ آغاز ہے اور...

The Incident of September 11 (2001) & its Socio Political Implications on Pakistan

Abstract The paper identifies major changes in educational policies in Pakistan after the incident of September 11. It hoards the facts on the attack of September 11(2001) that had no direct link with Pakistan, but has changed the spectrum of regional policies and shifted the traditional way of learning with west-led agenda on the name of international standards. The study indicates major changes and shifts in the education policies and national curriculum as well as amendments in legal framework and laws including 18th Constitutional Amendment of 2010 and Article-25A of the Constitution of Pakistan. The struggle for uniform education system by various political and military governments throughout the history of Pakistan since independence is also scooped and a comprehensive view is provided on major policy changes and its impacts on education system in Pakistan. The research is based on analysis of primary and secondary sources of information. It is a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Pakistan as a State still is in the list of developing countries and struggling with internal and external problems and their effects caused hurdles in the process of development and reforms in various sectors including education. Security remained one of the major subjects of focus for Pakistan for last many decades along with other administrative matters. The matters including economy, infrastructure development and strengthen democratic system in with democratic or dictator led governments whichever was the case of administration continued tackling with security and terrorism within the state as a top priority issue since 9/11. Pakistan’s investment on education sector remained poor in which resulted lagging behind of the country in all major development indicators. Education remained the core subject that bough up revolution in 21st century and hence has acquired greater importance around the world. After 18th Amendment, the duty of satisfactory spending on education consequently dwells with each province to have the capacity to satisfy Pakistan's national and international duties regarding education. The research encompassed efforts of Pakistan’s administration during various eras on national and international level to meet requirements of international standard education policies.

Jane Austen’S Novels: A Narrative of Ethical, Social, and Sexual Power Politics

Jane Austen’s Novels: The Narrative of Ethical, Social, and Sexual Power Politics February 2012 MA, University of Peshawar PhD, University of Peshawar Directed by: Nasir Jamal Khattak, PhD (Amherst) Most of Jane Austen’s novels, especially Pride and Prejudice, make readers conscious of the realities of life in an entertaining way. We relate to the experiences of the characters and laugh with them in their moments of absurdities and weaknesses. Their follies and hypocrisies, their worries and sorrows, their limitations and compromises with society and others reflect us and our traits. We see these characters move around us even today. In struggle for survival and living a desirable life, some succumb to the pressures of the social, ethical, and sexual politics. Such people choose on the standards of what the society considers “appropriate,” “desirable,” and “practical.” While others deviate from the social norm. And while they apparently make life difficult for themselves, they end up having a better and productive life. Such is the irony of life. All live it; some with pain and misery in it; others with peace of mind and happiness in it. Pride and Prejudice shows how with the passage of time societies and their denizens undergo a change, but that there are some who are too rigid to keep pace with the changing times. This behaviour on part of these characters makes them the butt of the laughter of others. However, there are others, who through their intelligence and consciousness adjust themselves to the changing times. The problems that her characters confront are our problems and so we live in the novel with them. Like her characters we too are self-centered, proud, and conscious of our persona with such extremity that we forget the existence of others. Wrapped up in the pursuit of our desires we trespass the rights of others without any regard for them. In the struggle for “desirable” survival, the characters indulge themselves in social, ethical and sexual dilemmas which are part and parcel of human existence irrespective of time and place. Instead of looking at their partners as their extension, most of the Austen’s characters “otherize” their relatives, friends, and partners. Some of Austen’s characters learn from life as they experience different ups and downs due to the choices they make in their lives. Others continue to perpetuate the misery that has become their lot due to the compromises they have made. The likes of Elizabeths and Darcys have numerous problems in the beginning to find their soul mate. Once they find one, the remaining part of their life is productive, peaceful, and prosperous. They go through the mill of power, social, and sexual politics of their society but emerge successful and choose wisely. The others, like the Collins and Charlottes, choose their partners on the prevailing standards of their society. The duality in their beliefs and deeds undo them and their life. They opt for a short cut in making choices for themselves and end up in a life which is full of challenges, boredom, and indifference to the well being of each other. Both these kind of life come with their prices and consequences.
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