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ملا طاہر سیف الدین

ملا طاہر سیف الدین
گذشتہ دو مہینوں میں مسلمانوں کے دو بڑے قومی حادثے ہوئے، ۵؍ نومبر کو داؤدی بوہرون کے امام ملا طاہر سیف الدین نے انتقال کیا، ان کی ذات جامع صفات تھی، بڑے ذی علم، دیندار، فیاض و مخیر اور وسیع القلب تھے، دینی علوم پر ان کی نگاہ بہت وسیع تھی، اس لحاظ سے وہ ہندوستان کے ممتاز علماء میں تھے، صاحبِ قلم بھی تھے، عربی میں ان کی کئی تصانیف ہیں، انھوں نے اپنے دور میں نہ صرف اپنے فرقہ کی بڑی تعلیمی و اقتصادی خدمت کی بلکہ دوسرے اسلامی فرقوں کے ساتھ بھی ان کا سلوک روادرانہ و فیاضانہ تھا، اور ان کو ایک دوسرے کے قریب لانے کی کوشش کی، مسلم یونیورسٹی کے تو چانسلر ہی تھے، اس کو وقتاً فوقتاً بڑی بڑی رقمیں دیتے رہتے تھے، دارالمصنفین کی جوبلی کے موقع پر اس کو بارہ ہزار کا عطیہ دیا، اس لیے ہر فرقہ کے مسلمانوں میں عزت و وقعت کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے حسنات کے طفیل میں ان کی مغفرت فرمائے، دارالمصنفین اس حادثہ میں ان کے لائق جانشین ملا برہان الدین کا شریک غم ہے اور دعا ہے کہ خدا ان کو ان کے باعظمت والد کے نقش قدم پر چلنے کی توفیق عطا فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۶۵ء)

 

Mental Health Disorders and Challenges faced by developing countries

Mental disorders are common and contribute to the highest burden of disease across the globe. Depression and anxiety has become the most frequent disorder in these times. However, it is notconsidered a disease mostly and there are no proper policies and treatment all over the world but thedeveloping countries are affected the most. Mental health care services are lacking and inaccessible tomost of the patients worldwide. Apart from this fact, the stigma associated with this ailment is a majorhindrance in the way of treatment. Lack of human resource and their proper training is also lacking. Thereis a dire need to enhance research capacity to actually estimate the burden and magnitude of the problem, preparing a policy and above all, its implementation to bring a change in the treatment of mental healthproblems. Low and middle income countries are suffering the most due to these disorders and ironicallyit is not considered a disease thereMostly, the uneducated people attribute such mental health issues to supernatural phenomenonsuch as ghosts or magic etc. Additionally, for the treatment of these so-called “supernatural phenomenon”and to get rid of ghosts, they tend to go to “peers” or “baba” who are illiterate people, pretending to havecure for these patients. But infact, such malpractices and misconceptions among masses lead to adisastrous situation. It causes worsening of the condition of patient by not getting the proper medical andpsychiatric treatment, secondly, they are caught up by wrong people who extort huge amount of money. These are the challenges that developing countries are facing for the treatment of mental health issues. Evidence-based interventions and practice by trained personals in community and primary health carefacilities can improve the understanding and treatment of these ailments. Exercise, healthy life style, healthy dietary+ patterns and physical activities may also work wonders in these conditions.

Determination of Impurities in Drug Substances

The present investigation involves a study of the characterization and determination of the major degradation impurities in selected drug substances and formulated products, i.e. bromazepam, diazepam, Cefixime trihydarte, cefazolin sodioum, simvastatin and lovastatin.. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method has been used for the characterization of impurities present in a certain drug substance on comparison with the retention times of the reference standards. A complete separation of the individual drug substances and their major impurities has been achieved before a consideration of their determination. The tR values of the parent compounds are in the range of 2.71-9.22 and those of the impurities in the range of 1.23-20.57 min. Thus the separation and determination of these compounds can be carried out within 20 minutes. The HPLC assay method has been used to determine the parent compounds and their impurities after validation of the European Pharmacopoeal method used in this study. The validation of the HPLC method for the parent drugs and their degradation impurities involved the study of the parameters like specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. In order to apply this method to the individual drug substances and their impurities all these parameters have been studied for each compound and the relevant data are presented. The overall recoveries of the parent drug substances and their impurities are in the range of 98 – 102%. The reproducibility of the method lies within 3% under the conditions used in this study. It needs to be emphasized that under pharmacopoeal requirements and guidelines of regulatory agencies it is mandatory to determine the impurities in excess of 0.1 % for the safety, efficacy and quality of the drugs. It is also important with a view point of the effect of variations in the synthetic routes of different manufacturers as well as due to the effects of packaging, shipment, and storage conditions. In addition to this the formulation adjuvants may also play a role in the formation of degradation impurities. The % contents of the selected drugs and their major degradation impurities in raw materials and formulated products have been determined and the range of the level of these impurities has been stated. In all cases the % content of the parent drugs and the formulated products are within the prescribed limits. However, the degradation impurities in the raw material as well as in the formulated product appear to exceed the level prescribed by ICH and other regulatory agencies. This could possibly result from variations in the manufacturing synthetic processes of different manufacturers for the raw materials and the manufacturing procedures and drug-excipient interactions for the formulated products. An attempt has been made to conduct forced degradation studies on these drug substances to predict the formation of different degradation products under stress conditions. This study includes the acid and alkaline hydrolysis and oxidation using H2O2. In acid solution the degradation appears to be higher than that observed in the alkaline medium (80 ± 0C). The major route of degradation of these compounds is hydrolytic cleavage of the molecule which may result from the effects of drug- excipient interactions and the environmental factors. The present study provides useful information to the formulator in the design of formulation strategies to minimize the formation of degradation impurities so as to achieve a better quality and efficacy of the formulated products. It also establishes the importance of the effects of variations in synthetic routes, process parameter and role of excipients on the formation of impurities.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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