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محبت کی انتہا

 

محبت کی انتہا

4ُٓاپریل 1979ء کو گلگت کے جیالے محمد اسمعیل نے ریڈیو پر اپنے محبوب قائد ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کی خبر سنی تو ان کی جدائی برداشت نہ کر سکا اور محبت عشق کی اگلی منزل تک چلی گئی ۔اس نے جلتے ہوئے تیل کا چولھا اپنے اوپر انڈیل لیا ۔جیالے کے سارے جسم کو آگ نے لپیٹ لیا ۔اس کا منہ ، ہاتھ ،ٹانگیں اور جسم کے دیگر اعضاء جل گئے ۔کئی مہینے زندگی موت کی کشمکش میں رہنے کے بعد وہ زندہ بچ گئے ۔جب محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو پہلی مرتبہ وزیر اعظم بنی تو انہوں نے گلگت آ کر خود محمد اسمعیل سے ملاقات کی اور سرکاری ملازمت دلائی ۔طویل عرصہ گزرنے کے بعد جب بھی اس کے سامنے بھٹوکی پھانسی کا ذکر کیا جائے تو اس کی آنکھیں بے ساختہ آنسوئوں سے چھلک پڑتی ہیں ۔

 

Benazir Bhutto and the Challenge and Response Theory

This study estimates the leadership qualities of Benazir Bhutto, first female Prime Minister of Pakistan and the Islamic world. The life history of Benazir Bhutto also falls under the category of charismatic leadership as she displayed exceptional leadership qualities in the face of different personal and political challenges. Much has been written on the life, personality and political career of Benazir Bhutto but very few have made academic and in depth study of leadership qualities of Benazir Bhutto which were predominant and striking features of her political leadership during her second tenure as Prime Minister of Pakistan (1993-96). Therefore, this article navigates on diverse Socio-economic, Political and Geo-strategic challenges and responses of Benazir Bhutto as Prime Minister of Pakistan (1993-96). Further, it encapsulates her relationship with military, dwindling state of economy, revengeful role of opposition and various contradictions with President created a grave challenge not only for poor governance but also for the longevity of her premiership tenure. It was not smooth sailing for her as Prime Minister; however, it was a hard journey full of myriad challenges, inherited dwindling economy, overdeveloped state structure, strife torn society, volatile geo-political situation, regional disparities, vindictive politics of opposition and imbalance of power between Prime Minister and President required stupendous efforts from Benazir Bhutto as a Prime Minister. Further, this study presents a systematic and factual analysis of the socio-economic challenges and the arbitrary use of the Presidential power (58) (2B). Furthermore, theory of challenge and response has also been applied to have a better understanding of Benazir Bhutto’s leadership qualities and administrative abilities. It also throws light on the circumstances that led towards her ouster from premiership. Besides, this study attempts to find what were the diverse challenges faced by Benazir Bhutto as a Prime Minister (1993-96)? How did she respond to various challenges as Prime Minister?

Factors Affecting Transition Time Among Capability Maturity Model Integration Levels in Software Development Organizations: An Empirical Study Based on Pakistan Perspective

In the recent past, the Government of Pakistan has invested significantly in the development of software industry in Pakistan. Most of the initiatives have been made by the federal as well provincial governments to steer the local software industry towards becoming a regional hub for Information Technology (IT) services and software development and manufacturing. Keeping in view the current efforts made at government level and the local software industry, there is a need to establish and practice the internationally recognized standards in order to ensure the gain of competitive edge as well the global recognition of software development firms of the country. In this context, Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is well recognized, established and practiced framework that encompasses five levels of process maturity areas. To achieve a desired level of recognition and competitive edge amongst the software firms, the organization has to score high in CMMI maturity levels. However, the awareness and adoption of CMMI framework is extremely low in software development industry of Pakistan and only handful of firms has adopted and being practiced it. Furthermore, the CMMI framework is not a soundly documented area in Pakistan and this merits further research in the domain of CMMI ? in order to support and appreciate the adoption and adaptation of CMMI in Pakistan. The objective of this research work is the identification of the factors that have the potential to affect and delays a transition time between different levels of CMMI in software industry of Pakistan as well as to propose a Reference Model. The research objectives are aimed to achieve through adopting Hybrid-Method Methodology ? secondary research in the form of literature review to enable us to develop a questionnaire for carrying out the primary research while conducting face-to-face interview sessions with high profile software development professionals.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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