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مولانا ابوالکلام آزاد

مولانا ابوالکلام آزادؔ
بالآخر اس مسیحا نفس نے بھی جان جاں آفریں کے سپرد کردی جو نصف صدی تک اپنے انفاس کرم سے مردہ دلوں میں زندگی کی روح پھونکتا رہا، وہ روشن ضمیر اٹھ گیا جو اپنے نور بصیرت سے تاریک دماغوں کو منور کرتا رہا، کاروان ملت کا وہ حدی خواں رخصت ہوگیا جو اپنی ہدایت و رہنمائی سے گم کردہ راہوں کو راہ راست دکھلاتا رہا، وہ شمع فروزاں خاموش ہوگئی جس کی روشنی سے علم معرفت کا ہرگوشہ منور تھا، ابوالکلام کی وفات تنہا ہندوستان کا نہیں بلکہ پوری دنیائے اسلام کا حادثہ ہے اور اس حادثہ پر جتنا ماتم بھی کیا جائے کم ہے۔
آسماں راحق بودگر خوں ببارد برز میں
ایسی جلیل القدر اور عہد آفریں شخصیتیں مدتوں میں پیدا ہوتی ہیں، جو افکار و تصورات کی دنیا اور قوموں و ملتوں کی زندگی میں انقلاب پیدا کردیتی اور تاریخ کا نیا دور شروع کرتی ہیں اور ترقی و تعمیر کی ہر راہ میں اپنے نقشِ قدم رہنمائی کے لئے چھوڑ جاتی ہیں، حق یہ ہے کہ مولانا کی وفات پر ان کی زبان سے اقبال کا یہ قطعہ آج پھر دہرایا جائے۔
سرور رفتہ باز آید کہ نہ آید
نسیم از حجاز آید کہ نہ آید
سرآمد روزگار ایں فقیرے
وگر دانائے راز آید کہ نہ آید
ان میں فطری عظمت تھی، وہ فلسفیانہ فکر مجتہدانہ دماغ اور مجاہدانہ جوش عمل رکھتے تھے اور اپنے گوناگوں کمالات کے اعتبار سے تنہا ایک عالم تھے، عالم و فن کے امام و مجتہد بھی تھی اور دانائے راز حکیم مفکر بھی، میدان سیاست کے مدبر بھی تھے اور عرصہ جہاد کے شہسوار بھی، سحرطراز ادیب بھی تھے اور جادو بیان خطیب بھی، ذہانت، فہم و فراست، فکر و تدبر کی گہرائی، دیدہ وری و نکتہ رسی میں ان کا کوئی معاصر ان...

یہودیت، عیسائیت اور اسلام میں اجزائے حیوانات کے احکام کا تقابلی جائزہ

Almighty Allah bestowed honors and respect to mankind. Keeping in view the honor of mankind, Allah SWT blessed them also a purified, cleanse and Halal [permissible & Lawful] food. Moreover, the religious teachings are very clear and transparent in this regard to highlight the difference between what is beneficial and useful for them and what is harmful and injurious. Almighty Allah is very kind and compassionate to his servants and described definite commands and orders about such Animals which are adequate and effective to mankind and counts them in Halal category and otherwise are considered Restricted and Haram [impressible & unlawful]. So all kinds of animals which are harmful are prohibited with exception of their some body organs and which are useful are described with their all qualities are halal in mentioned divine religions i.e. Judaism, Christianity and Islam coupled with little changes in rulings about the use of body organs of impermissible animals like use of bones or skin etc. The paper emphasis on describing the disparities of three divine religions regarding the use of organs, skin of animals, bones and highlight their procedures of making them safe and useable for mankind. This study will lead us to know that which divine religion is more applicable and provides cleanse food to their followers along with having the status of eternity strength among three.

Fluency Enhancing and Fluency Hampering Factors in English and Their Effect on the Listening Comprehension of Pakistani Learners of English

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fluency enhancing and fluency hampering factors in English on the listening comprehension of the Pakistani learners. English is not taught as a language in most educational institutes in Pakistan. It is treated as a subject. Naturally, its phonological aspect is badly ignored. This, later, affects the competence and performance of the learners. Before starting the research, the researcher had claimed that where the fluency enhancing features of English helped its native speakers in accelerating their verbal speed, they affected the aural comprehension of the Pakistani learners of it. Similarly, the fluency hampering factors in English also affected their listening comprehension. Based on this claim, the researcher formulated the hypothesis: Language learners who are taught listening skills with the help of fluency enhancing and fluency hampering factors of English perform better in aural comprehension than those language learners who are not taught through these factors. Using a quasi- experimental design the researcher conducted the study on two groups -one control group and the other experimental group. The design had the following stages: Pre-test treatment Post-test. The pre-test was set to assess the existing aural abilities of the members of the groups. T-test was used to know the significance or insignificance of the data. It was followed by the treatment that spanned over two months. During this period the researcher treated the experimental group with the help of eight model lesson plans, all focusing on fluency enhancing or fluency hampering factors in English. After the treatment, the post-test was conducted and the data were analyzed by using the t-test again. The results of the pre-test and the post- test of the both groups were compared. It was found that the experimental group (n = 15) achieved significantly higher score [t (28) = 10.16, p > .001] than the control group (n = 15).It was concluded that the fluency enhancing and fluency hampering factors affected the listening comprehension of the Pakistani learners of English and that students could overcome this problem if they were treated properly despite the fact that there were a number of independent variables.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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