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ام المومنین حضرت سودہؓ

ام المومنین حضرت سودہ ؓ
حضرت سودہ ؓ کے والد کا نام زمعہ اور والدہ کا نام شموس بنت قیس تھا ۔ آپ کے نانا قیس نبی پاکﷺ کے پردادا حضرت ہاشم کی بیوی ام سلمیٰ کے بھائی تھے ۔ ان کا تعلق مدینہ کے قبیلہ بنو نجار سے تھا ۔ حضرت سودہ ؓ کی پہلی شادی چچا زاد سکران بن عمرو(سقران) سے ہوئی ۔ حضرت خدیجہ ؓ کے انتقال کے بعد گھر کے انتظام کرنے میں تبدیلی آئی ۔ نگہداشت کرنے والا بچیوں کے لیے نہیں تھا ۔ دو چھوٹی بچیاں ام کلثوم اور حضرت فاطمہ ؓ تھیں ۔ حضرت خولہ ؓ نے خود کو آنحضرت ﷺ کی خدمت کے لیے مخصوص کر رکھا تھا ۔ انہوں نے ایک دن ادباََ درخواست کی کہ آپ شادی کر لیں ۔ آپ ﷺ نے فرمایا ! کس سے ؟ حضرت خولہ ؓ نے کہا ایک بیوہ سودہ بنت زمعہ اور ایک کنواری حضرت عائشہ ؓ بنت ابو بکر صدیق ؓ ہے ۔ آپ نے فرمایا ’’ دونوں کے لیے پیغام لے جائو ‘‘ ۔ بالآخر دونوں یکے بعد دیگرے آپ ﷺ کے عقد میں آئیں ۔
اعتراض نمبر۱۰۳
حضرت سودہ ؓ کو بوڑھی ہونے کے سبب آپ ﷺ نے طلاق دے دی ۔
جواب: عبدالدائم دائم ( سید الوریٰ ۔۳۔۳۷۸۔۳۷۷) فرماتے ہیں ’’ بعض کتب میں مذکور ہے کہ جان دو عالم ﷺ نے ان کو طلاق کہلا بھیجی ۔ حضرت سودہ ؓ کو حد سے زیادہ قلق ہوا اور وہ اس راہ پر بیٹھ گئیں جس سے آپ ﷺ حضرت عائشہ ؓ کے پاس آیا جایا کرتے تھے ۔ جب آپ نے جان دو عالم ﷺ کو دیکھا تو عرض کی ! میں آپ کو اس ذات کو واسطہ دیتی ہوں اور پوچھتی ہوں ، جس نے آپ پر کتاب اتاری اور اپنی...

قرآن مجید اور احادیث میں لفظ رحم کا تصور اور استعمالات

All praises and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of the entire Universe Muhammad, who is a symbol of mercy, peace, and love to all human beings. Islam is a universal religion. Its blessings, bounties, and auspiciousness are common to all human beings irrespective of community, caste, creed, region, and nation. Islam is the religion of peace and mercy. It is a religion for humanity. It strongly emphasizes love and mercy in general. It teaches us that we should show mercy. R-?-M (Arabic: ?) is the tri consonantal root of many Arabic and Hebrew words, and many of those words are used in the Holy Quran. Holy Quran is a complete guide for all human beings. All chapters in the Quran, except one (Repentance Chapter), begin with the words “Bismillahiar-Rahman AR-Rahim” or in the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. IN Islam the title “Most Merciful” (al-Rahman) is one of the names of Allah and Compassionate (al-Rahim), which is the most common name occurring in the Quran. Rahman and Rahim both derive from the root Rahmat, which refers to tenderness and benevolence. Allah SWT could have used other attributes in its place, but he chooses these two which show their significance. God’s Mercy precedes his other attributes. Each worshipper repeats the attribute of mercy sixty-eight times/day during his five daily prayers. Without love and mercy, there will be chaos in society. Showing mercy to Allah’s creatures creates a society of peace and tolerance. That is why in Holy Quran Allah emphasized mercy and tenderness.

Investigating Machine Learning Based Prediction of Protein Interactions

Protein interactions are crucial in the cell for performing cellular functions and the study of protein interactions is a very important domain of research in bioinformatics. In reference to protein interactions, biologists are usually interested in three core problems: determining pairwise protein interactions, determination of binding affinity, and identification of the interface. Computational methods to solve these protein interaction problems have emerged as an active research area due to tedious, costly, and time-consuming experimental procedures. Our aim in this work is to develop novel machine learning based methods for protein interaction, binding affinity and interaction prediction with improved generalization performance. In this dissertation, we have developed host-pathogen protein interaction predictors using machine learning. One of our findings is that existing methods for protein interaction prediction that use K-fold cross-validation for performance assessment report over-estimated accuracy values as K-fold cross-validation does not take pairwise protein similarity between training and test examples into account. To control this data redundancy at pathogen protein level, we have proposed and advocated the use of an alternate evaluation scheme called Leave One Pathogen Protein Out (LOPO) cross-validation along with some biologist centric metrics for designing protein-protein interaction prediction methods. We have also designed a novel machine learning model called CaMELS (CalModulin intEraction Learning System) for interaction and interaction site prediction of Calmodulin (CaM) which is a very important and highly conserved protein across all eukaryotes. CaMELS relies on a novel implementation of multiple instance learning solver for protein binding site prediction that leads to significant improvement in predictive performance. One of our collaborators has confirmed the effectiveness of CaMELS through wet-lab experiments as well. We have also focused on the more generic problem of predicting binding affinity in protein interactions and presented various sequence-based machine learning models. xxiv For this purpose, we have developed a novel machine learning method which is based on the framework of Learning Using Privileged Information (LUPI). Our state-of-the-art method uses protein 3D structure as privileged information at training time while expecting only protein sequence information during testing. This makes our machine learning method flexible by allowing it to leverage protein structure information during training while requiring only protein sequence information during testing. We have also developed a webserver for an existing state-of-the-art protein-protein interface prediction method called PAIRPred. The accuracy of this webserver has also been validated by our collaborators through wet-lab experiments as well.
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