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بھٹو کی شہادت کی پرسہ داری

بھٹو کی شہادت کی پرسہ داری

                                                                                                                زوار حسین کامریڈ

میری والدہ خورشید بیگم نے ستر کی انتخابی مہم میں قائد عوام کی جیت کے لیے مجھے بارہ سال کی عمر میں ساتھ لے جا کر گلی گلی خواتین میں پی پی پی کی کینوینسنگ جس جوش و جذبہ سے کی تھی اس کے محرکات سیاسی سے زیاددہ شیعہ عقیدہ سے وابستگی تھی ۔ان کے مطابق چئیر مین پی پی پی ذوالفقار علی بھٹو مولا علی کی تلوا ر ذوالفقار سے منسوب ہے جبکہ انتخابی نشان تلوار بھی تلوارِ حیدر کی علامت ہے ۔ ضیاء نے آمریت نافذکی تو امی نے اسے یزید ثانی قرار دے کر شہید بھٹو کے حق میں احتجاج کر نے کو امام حسین ؑ کی عزاداری کے برابر کا رتبہ دے کر مجھے ہر جلسے جلوس میں شرکت کا حکم دیا شہید ذوالفقار علی بھٹو اور پی پی پی پر ٹوٹنے والے مصائب کے ایام امی جان اور مجھ پر گھریلو مشکلات کا بد ترین دور لے کر آئے ۔جس کی وجہ والد صاحب کی تین شادیاں اور اس کے نتیجہ میں آ نے والی معاشی تنزلی تھی ۔جس سے میری تعلیم بری طرح متاثر ہوئی ۔گھر کا سیٹ اپ کچھ یوں تھا کہ میری امی سمیت تیسری والدہ شیعہ مسلک سے تھیں اور دونوں ایک ہی گھر میں مقیم تھیں ۔۔جہاں محرم کی عزاداری حد درجہ عقیدت اور غم و رنج میں ڈوب کر منائی جاتی تھی جبکہ میری بڑی والدہ محترمہ اہل سنت مسلک کی تھیں اور بچوں کو دینی تعلیم دیتی تھیں ۔ان کے ہمراہ رہنے والے بڑے بھائی اور دو بہنیں بھی سنی عقیدہ کی تھیں ۔فیملی کے حالات 1979ء کے اوائل تک اس نہج پر پہنچ گئے کہ مجھے اپنا گھر چھوڑ کر بڑی والدہ کے گھر منتقل ہو نا...

بچوں کے عمرانی مسائل: اسلامی تعلیمات اور بین الاقوامی قوانین کے تناظر میں ایک جائزہ

The way the religion of Islam has emphasized the human rights, might be any other religion has given importance to this very specific topic. Although in Islam, there has no any chapter making been made in Quran and hadith on the permanent bases on the topic of basic human rights, yet if some search is made to find out these Quran and Sunnah, these are also present in expended form in various places and along with these guided principles are also present there. In Quran there is admonition in many places for the protection of human soul, goods and honor as well. Whereas Hadith along with the other various teachings, specifically on the eve of the last sermon known as ( Khutba hajja tul wida) of the Rasool(PBUH) the prescribed charter of human rights is enough to highlight its importance, but no distinctive laws are cited with a special regarded to  children. Anyhow, in 18th century, issues relevant to children came into view those also became the cause of many movements and all the countries are formulated unanimous laws which are still being applied. In present era, the social issues of the children are becoming obnoxious severe. On the behalf of these issues their growth, training and many other facts of life are also attention catching. In this article, an analysis of Islamic and International laws with respect to children will be made and those causes will also be cited due to which social issues of children are continuously being generated.

Prevalence of Trichomonas Gallinae in Some Avi-Fauna of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Of the two studied birds, blue rock pigeon (Columba livia domestica) and common myna (Acridotheres tristis), are largely considered a native species throughout the cultivations, barns, farmyards and the coastal habitats in Asia. They also indicated close association with man. The present study focused on their roost characteristics and the incidence of trichomonosis in the eight selected sub-habitats in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Considering the tree composition of the dominant and codominant trees in the differential study sites indicated three DBH (diameter at breast height) categories, average tree height and total depressions. The University Campus comprising sufficiently large number of trees of different categories, adding to the lush green landscapes was highest (487; 14.7%) on the main campus and student residence roads similarly, highest tree depressions of the sampled trees (2870; 12.5%) were also recorded. The situation in the other two sub-habitats, Gatwala Forest Plantations and Postgraduate Agricultura Research Station also, harboured with the highest proportions of trees of all the three (DBH) categories (294; 8.9%), comprising (1869; 6.3%) tree depressions and also (537; 16.27%) number of tree and tree hollows (2820; 5.26%) respectively the remaining five study sites viz. Aminpur canal rest house, Satiana canal rest house, Tarkhani bunglow, Burala bunglow and Monngi bunglow also possessed a differential number of trees with varying numbers of trees of the three DBH categories and different tree depressions. Significantly, all such sub-habitats were about 12.5 acres and have been constructed before the partition of the sub-continent. Small crops of agricultural importance to suffice the residing small populations here. The roost characteristics such as exit and return, call notes and the intra and inter specific competitions were also studied at the present study sites. All of them exhibited varying numerical values, but the morning hours indicated outburst exist during the summer and winter seasons, perhaps to enable the two birds (pigeon and myna) to suffice their feeding requirements following the previous nights, hiatus. Avian trichomonosis appeared to be an archetypal infection among the wild columbids and some other birds. Interestingly, it is also reported from the passerines like chaffinches and greenfinches of Europe. Outbreaks among the house finches, goldfinches and also purple finches are recoded in South American habitats. Evidently, of a total (168) samples of the common myna which were procured from different study sites, 32 were found infected with the parasite Trichomonas gallinae indicating a percentage of (20%), while from the in 204 samples of the rock dove, 51 comprised the infectious parasite with a percentage of (25%). For the present study incidence of trichomonosis remain evident with respect to the three sub-genotypes (C4, 59%; A1, 23% and C8, 18%) from the various sub-habitats of Faisalabad District, Pakistan. Furthermore, the subgenotype type (C) parasites occurred in mynas, considered analogous to the pandemic finch strain, the sub-genotype (A), but it remains the first known recognized incidence among in the passerine with this parasite genotype. The sup-type analyses of the common myna indicated that (C4) is prevalent in distribution worldwide. Moreover, gender of both the birds appeared to indicate its certain role regarding the parasitic epidemic in the existing study sites. For the common myna, the males were (28%) and the females were about (12%), while in the rock dove, females indicated (27%) and the males of (18%) in terms of infection. Similarly, analysis of the bird baths (small water channels) and the bird seeds also confirmed occurrence of Trichomonas gallinae type (C) of about (12.5%) of the total tested samples. Finally, haematological analysis of the samples evinced lowered body weights and anaemia is possible due to lesion formation and the resulting internal bleeding in the upper respiratory tract. Drug susceptibility studies (in vitro) suggested C4 in the mynas proved more resistant than the similar strain in the pigeons. Moreover, among the pigeons (C8) proved more resistant to the different drug concentrations of metronidazole, dimetridazole, ornidazole and ronidazole. Multi-locus sequence typing remains an alternating tool to answer the complex phylogenetic association and drug resistance related to same subtype.
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