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حلف الفضول کی امتیازی شان

حلف الفضول کی امتیازی شان
یہ معاہدہ انسانیت کی بھلائی ،خیر خواہی اور بنی نوع انسان کو ظلم و بربریت اور ناانصافی کے چنگل سے آزاد کرانے اور امن و سلامتی کو عام کرنے کا نام ہے۔ اس کی امتیازی شان اس کے نام سے عیاں ہے عربی زبان میں معاہدہ کے لیے متعدد اصطلاحات مثلا عہد ‘ معاہدہ ‘ عقد ‘ حلف ‘ میثاق ‘ بیت اتفاقیہ ‘ اعلامیہ وغیرہ موجود ہیں مگر اس معاہدہ کے لیے حلف کی اصطلاح استعمال ہوئی ہے یعنی اس میں قسم کا مفہوم بھی شامل ہے کیونکہ قسم کھا کر کسی چیز کو بیان کرنا اس کی پختگی اور مضبوط ارادہ و عزم کا اظہار ہوتا ہے نیز یہ اشارہ بھی ملتا ہے کہ جس بات پر قسم اٹھائی جا رہی ہے وہ بات پر وقار اور ذیشان ہے اور قسم کو اٹھانے والے بھی مکرم و محترم و محتشم ہیں ۔مرتبہ و مقام کے لائق وہی ذات بے ہمتا ہے جو واحد ہ لا شریک ہے ۔ عہد رسالت میں کفار بتوں کی قسمیں بھی اٹھاتے تھے لیکن گمان غالب ہے کہ حلف الفضول کا ڈول ڈالنے والی تمام سعادت مند روحیں تھیں جو اللہ تعالیٰ پر یقین رکھتی تھیں اور نیکی و بھلائی کے فروغ کے لیے کوشاں تھیں ‘ برائی کے خاتمے اور بھلائی کو عام کرنے کی توفیق اللہ کی طرف سے تھی اور اسی کی رضا کے لیے یہ معاہدہ عمل میں آیا ۔جبکہ مطیبوں اور احلا ف نے اس حلف کو نا پسند کرتے ہوئے اسے حلف الفضول کا نام دیا اور اس عہد کو قوم کے فضول کاموں سے شمار کرنے لگے ۔اگرچہ یہ بات معاہدہ کی رو ح کے خلاف ہے لیکن مخالف نے یہ بات کہہ دی ہے تو یہ محض اس کی دشمنی کا اظہار ہے ۔ (الوفا۔۱۷۵)
۲دوسری امتیازی...

Work-family conflict and fear of COVID-19 and its relationship with the physical and mental health of Pakistani working women

Work-family conflict is a conflict between societal expectations and the interaction of interrelated work and family domains. It is essential to understand the impact of COVID-19 on working women's physical and mental health in Pakistan to advise better health policy. This research aims to determine work-family conflict’s impact on working women’s physical and mental health. Through non-probability sampling, 100 working women were sampled online across different cities of Pakistan. The participants were selected from different working fields. Only women above the age of 20 years were eligible for participation in this study. The study found that work-family conflict positively correlates with the fear of COVID19, blood pressure, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Psychologists, counselors, and general physicians for primary and preventive care in Pakistan need to work towards counselling and supporting the health needs of working women to prevent biopsychosocial problems related to work-family conflict and fear of COVID-19. Keywords: anxiety, blood pressure, depression, fear of covid-19, work-family conflict.

Leadership styles and Their Effect on Work Outcomes: Mediating Role of Employee Trust

This research study seeks to examine the effect of transactional and transformational leadership styles on work outcomes by considering banking sector of Pakistan. The focus of this research was to explore the mediation effect of trust between leadership styles and two work outcomes i.e., organizational commitment and turnover intention of employees. Zhu and Akhtar (2014) found out that trust plays a mediating role between transformational leadership styles and work outcomes, so this study has proceeded their findings by focusing on +A648another leadership style and work outcomes. For data collection, 350 employees were selected by using purposive sampling technique from the banks operating in Lahore. The criteria for selecting purposive sample was established so that effective results can be obtained. Questionnaire with five point Likert scale was used for data collection because it was a comparatively low-cost, fast and effective way of gaining huge quantity of information from a big sample. After distributing 350 questionnaires among bank employees, 304 were found properly filled and appropriate. So the response rate for this study was 86.85% that is usually considered noteworthy. After collecting data, MS excel was used to organize data and to check missing values and unengaged responses. SPSS was also used to check regression assumptions and for hypothesis testing. After dealing with regression assumptions, hypotheses were tested. To determine the mediation effect of employee trust between leadership styles and work outcomes, Sobel test and Baron & Kenny approach was used. The regression result exposed that transactional and transformational leadership styles has no effect on turnover intention of employees of banks operating in Lahore. While transactional and transformational leadership style except individual consideration dimension have significant impact on employee's commitment. This study also found out that transformational leadership style and transactional leadership except management by exception (passive) dimension has significant impact on employee trust. The mediation results showed that trust mediates the relationship between transformational leadership style and work outcomes i.e., organizational commitment and turnover intention of employees. While result of both mediation tests also exposed that trust plays a mediating role between transactional leadership style and organizational commitment of employees but doesn't mediate the relationship of transactional leadership and turnover intention. In the end managerial implications, contribution of study and limitations has also been discussed.
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