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گھر اسرے جدوں مکاناں دے نال

گھر اسرے جدوں مکاناں دے نال
بندے جھگڑے تدوں انساناں دے نال
دور دور آبادیاں جدوں ہیسن
ہوندا ہے سی پیار احساناں دے نال
یاد رکھدا زمانہ بہادراں نوں
ٹکر لیندے نیں جیہڑے چٹاناں دے نال
غیرت عزت دی موت اوہ پا جاندے
کھیڈ جاندے جو اپنیاں جاناں دے نال
وسیلے نال ہی رب دی بھال ہوندی
کھوجی کڈھ دے کُھرے نشاناں دے نال
اسیں دھرتی اُتّے مسیں پیر دھردے
یار اڈ دا پیا اسماناں دے نال
پہلے عشق دے سکھیے گر سارے
وار کریے پھیر کماناں دے نال

معاصر نظام ہائے معیشت میں تقسیم دولت کے تصورات کا تقابلی جائزہ

One of the core issues in contemporary economic trends is the fair and just distribution of wealth into the society. In this research, a comparative study of ‘distribution of wealth’ in Capitalism, Communism and Islam has been conducted. Qualitative research method is adopted for the analysis of data. The review of literature reveals that central ideas of Capitalism, Communism and Islam are ‘liberty’, ‘equality’ and ‘justice’ respectively. After evaluating the basic infrastructure, methodological framework and practical consequences of these three systems, it has been established that Capitalism and Communism have badly failed in maintaining fair distribution of wealth. Both (Capitalism and Communism) enhanced global inequality which could be assessed from the present economic condition of world as half the world’s wealth is now in the hands of just 1% of the population. On the other hand, Islam has ensured the just distribution of wealth by taking two revolutionary steps: by giving 18 compulsory and 6 optional commandments about circulation of wealth and by overruling all means of hoarding. Moreover, unlike Capitalism and Communism, Islam has given special instructions to distribute wealth among poor, disable, and helpless persons of society who are incapable of participating in the process of production. These measures promote peace and prosperity in society and reduce the ratio of poverty. In the light of above findings, it is concluded that only Islamic economic system can guarantee the just and fair distribution of wealth. It is, therefore, recommended that Islamic countries should implement the Islamic economic system in order to get rid of economic instability.

Response of Canola to Moisture Stress and Foliar Application of Stress Tolerance Inducing Chemicals

Moisture stress is a major factor which limits crop productivity in arid and semi arid regions of the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of moisture stress and moisture stress mitigating chemicals on canola. A two years field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Institute Tarnab Peshawar-Pakistan during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Canola hybrid 401 was grown under four moisture levels (full irrigation, 10%, 20% and 30% reduced irrigation water). Three chemicals (salicylic acid, potassium nitrate and methanol at the rate of 0.5mM, 1% solution and 20% solution respectively) were applied at three growth stages (bud formation, flowering, pod formation). Water spray and control were also included for comparison. RCB design with split plot arrangement having three replications was used. Moisture levels were assigned to main plot while combination of chemicals x crop growth stages were assigned to subplots. The experiment was conducted under high tunnel structures. Top of structures were covered with transparent plastic for protection from rainfall, while sides were kept open for free movement of air. Moisture stress was imposed at rosette stage (50 days after sowing) of the crop. Days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pod formation, days to maturity, plant height, leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf relative water content (LRWC), pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, thousand seed weight, biological yield and seed yield decreased with each level of decline in soil moisture content. The effect of 20% and 30% reduced irrigation water was more severe on growth rate, yield and yield components. Days to 50% flowering, pod formation and maturity delayed with full irrigation. Seed yield decreased by 7.2%, 14.7%and 21% with reduction of irrigation water by 10%, 20% and 30% respectively compared to full irrigation (2062 kg ha-1). Biological yield also decreased by 5.2%, 9.7% and 15.4%with reduction of irrigation water by 10%, 20%, and 30% respectively compared to full irrigation (20052 kg ha-1). Seed oil and protein content decreased with 20% and 30% reduced irrigation water. Foliar application of chemicals significantly affected growth and yield of canola under full and limited moisture conditions. Salicylic acid (SA) delayed days to flowering, pod formation and maturity. Salicylic acid also improved CGR, NAR, LAI, LRWC, seed oil and protein content. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) was at par with salicylic acid for most of the parameters. Potassium nitrate showed significant effect on seed yield and thousand seed weight compared to salicylic acid. Potassium nitrate, salicylic acid and methanol increased seed yield by 7.9%, 7.1% and 4.2% respectively compared to control (1739 kg ha-1). Most of the parameters significantly increased with chemical application v compared to water spray and control. Water spray significantly affected plant height, LRWC and reduced aphids incidence compared to control. Application time of spray at different growth stages significantly affected CGR, NAR, relative water content, LAI and population of aphids. It is concluded that application of SA (0.5mM) and KNO3 (1%) at bud formation stage of canola were more effective in increasing CGR, NAR, biological yield and seed yield under full and limited irrigation water.
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