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مولانا حکیم محمد مختار اصلاحی

آہ ! مولانا حکیم محمد مختار اصلاحی
مولانا حکیم محمد مختار اصلاحی کا انتقال ۱۱؍ جون کو ہوا مگر کچھ پتا نہیں چلا، ممبئی کے اخبار یہاں نہیں آتے، وہاں سے آنے والوں نے بھی اس کا کوئی تذکرہ نہیں کیا، ان کے عزیزوں اور صاحبزادوں کو اتنے جاں کاہ حادثے میں ان کے اس دور افتادہ قدرداں اور نیازمند کا خیال نہیں آیا، جولائی کا ترجمان اصلاحی ۱۱؍ جولائی کو آگیا تھا مگر اسی روز میری چھوٹی بہن نسیمہ اﷲ کو پیاری ہوگئی تھی، کئی روز بعد گھر سے آنے پر اسے کھولا تو سرورق پر حکیم صاحب کی تصویر کے نیچے یہ مصرعہ درج تھا:
؂ آسماں تیری لحد پر شبنم افشانی کرے
دل کا عجیب حال ہوگیا، بہن کا غم تازہ ہی تھا کہ اب اس مسیحا نفس کی بات بھی گئی۔
موت برحق ہے، کسی کو اس سے مفر نہیں، حکیم صاحب تو عمر طبعی کو پہنچ گئے تھے مگر ان کے جیسے کرم فرما اور اپنے سے اس قدر ٹوٹ کر ملنے اور چاہنے والے کا صدمہ ناقابل برداشت تھا، ان کی یاد بھلائے نہیں بھولتی ؂
آئی جو یاد ان کی تو آتی چلی گئی
ہر نقش ما سوا دل سے مٹاتی چلی گئی
وہ ضلع جون پور کے مشہور مردم خیز قصبہ صبر حد میں ۱۵؍ جون ۱۹۱۵؁ء کو ایک متوسط زمیں دار گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے، ان کے والد ممبئی میں رہتے تھے، اردو اور فارسی کی تعلیم دادا کے زیر نگرانی گھر پر ہوئی، اعلاتعلیم مدرستہ الاصلاح سرائے میر میں حاصل کی، جہاں مولانا شبلی متکلم ندوی اور مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی وغیرہ سے درس لیا، جماعت اسلامی ہند کے سابق امیر مولانا ابواللیث اصلاحی ندوی ان کے ہم سبق تھے۔
مدرستہ الاصلاح سے فراغت کے بعد علی گڑھ کے طبیہ کالج میں داخلہ لیا اور ۱۹۳۹؁ء...

An Analysis of Prisons’ Staff Role in the Reintegration of the Prisoners

The central theme of this research is to explore the effectiveness of prisons staff in the reintegration of the prisoners with specific focus on Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) jails. Mixed method was adopted to carry out the study.  Seven high-profile jails within Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, one jail each, in all the seven administrative divisions, were purposively selected.  Of all 277 respondents, 250 comprised of jail inmates (under trial and convicted adults and juveniles male prisoners) were randomly selected within the seven jails of the province and interviewed through semi-structured questionnaire.  The remaining 27 respondents, purposively selected and interviewed through interview-guide included judges, lawyers, jail officials, human right activists and ex-prisoners.  Further, One focus group discussion was arranged to gain more deep insight into the phenomenon in question. Concurrent triangulation strategy was adopted for the collection and analysis of data.       It was found that prison staff in Pakistan is characterized by lack of will and skill to transform prisons into correction institutions. Their involvement in torturing the inmates, providing them proscribed stuff, sexual assaults on the prisoners, taking bribery for extending legal and illegal favors etc is deeply-seated within the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa prisons. Providing best trainings to the prisons’ staff considering modern-day needs, their salaries increase along with sound service structure, meritorious selection, transfer and up-gradation of the prisons’ employees, recruitment of the needed staff to bridge the staff-inmate huge gape and ensuring the effective accountability system of prisons are the suggested measures to overcome the problem at hand.

Inverse Problems for Some Fractional Differential Equations

Inverse Problems for Some Fractional Differential Equations Fractional Calculus(FC) is about the investigation of arbitrary order derivatives, integrals, special functions and equations involving these operators. This subject has its roots back to late seventeenth century. In recent years scientists and engineers are using it rigorously as it provides an efficient method to model many well known physical phenomenon when compared with their counterpart (integer order calculus). For example, fractional order diffusion/transport equation has been used to explain anomalies in diffusion/transport process which occurs in many physical situations such as transport in heterogenous or porous media. For a physical process scientists are interested in the investigations of causes and effectsofthatphysicalprocess. Theeffectsofanyphysicalprocess(usuallyknown as direct problems) are easier to study then the causes that forces the system to behave in a particular manner. The mathematical models in which we study the causes are termed as inverse problems(IPs). The field of IPs investigates how to convert measurements into information about a physical process. The field of IPs is of great interest as it has many applications just to mention a few are in medical imaging, acoustic, heat conduction, source identification in a stream, shape optimization etc. In this thesis, we have studied time, space as well as space-time fractional differential equations. Through out our research investigation we have used fractional derivatives defined in the sense of Hilfer and Caputo. It is to be noted that Hilfer fractional derivative (HFD) interpolates both Riemann-Liouville(RLFD) and Caputo fractional derivatives(CFD) for particular choices of parameters. For a fourth order time fractional differential equation(TFDE) with nonlocal boundary conditions(knownasSmaraskii-Ionkinboundaryconditions)involvingHilferfractionalderivative(HFD),twoinversesourceproblems(ISPs)areconsidered. ISPof determining a space dependent source term for a TFDE in two space dimensions is also considered. Existence, uniqueness and stability results for the ISPs are proved under certain regularity conditions on the given data. For a multi-term TFDE involving HFDs ISP of recovering a time dependent source term is studied by using Heaviside-Mikusinski’s operational calculus approach. The spectral problem is non-self-adjoint and a bi-orthogonal system of functions(BSFs) is used toconstructtheseriessolutionoftheISPs. Foraspace-timefractionaldifferential equation(STFDE)withDirichletzeroboundaryconditionsalongwithappropriate over-specified conditions two ISPs of recovering space and time dependent sources are considered. In the last research problem of this thesis inverse coefficient problem(ICP)foraspacefractionaldifferentialequation(SFDE)isstudied. Weproved existence, uniqueness and stability results for the solution of the considered IPs by imposing certain regularity conditions on the given datum.
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