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مرے دل پروہ نئے زخم لگانے آئے
میرے دل پر وہ نئے زخم لگانے آئے
جب بھی آئے ہیں وہ احسان جتانے آئے
یاد پھر مجھ کو وہ بھولی ہوئی باتیں آئیں
یاد پھر مجھ کو وہ بچپن کے زمانے آئے
پوری خواہش نہ ہوئی، دل میں یہ حسرت ہی رہی
ہم جو روٹھیں تو کوئی ہم کو منانے آئے
جانے کیوں پھر ہے طبیعت مری بوجھل بوجھل
چین کیوں پھر نہ مرے دل کو نہ جانے آئے
کیوں یہ احساس مجھے ہونے لگا ہے تائبؔ
جیسے ہم دنیا میں ہیں رنج اٹھانے آئے
نظام التعليم المسجدي في الصين
Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon the leader of all the Prophets, upon his descendants, his disciples, and the ones who follow him to the Day of Judgment. Islam entered China as early as in the first century Hijrah corresponding to the seventh century AD, in the reign of Caliph Othman. From the beginning until current time, ten national minority groups accepted Islam. Chinese Muslim Community is the second biggest Muslim minority group in the world, but tops the chart when it comes to bearing the hardships for Islam. The Mosque in china not used only for prayer, but also a place for Muslims to learn Islamic knowledge, which has played a significant role in consolidation of faith and alleviating hardships. But unluckily most of foreigner Muslim brothers do not know about Mosque education system in china, that’s why I have chosen this topic to provide basic concept about Mosque education (Madrasa) in china. Lastly, I hope this small article would be useful and wish the readers might get the most benefits from it. Inshallah!On Designing Efficient High-Speed Wireless Lans
In the last decade, wireless LANs (WLANs) based on the IEEE 802.11 standards have become ubiquitous in our daily lives. During this time we have seen more than 10-fold increase in usage and the number of wireless devices. To satisfy ever increasing demands, physical layer (PHY) data rates in WLANs have scaled from a few Mbits/sec in 802.11g to hundreds of Mbits/sec in IEEE 802.11n to over Gbits/sec in the IEEE 802.11ac standard. In addition, due to the emergence of popular online services, such as YouTube and Netflix, there has been persistent traffic growth due to real-time applications (e.g., video streaming). These trends bring about new performance challenges that are likely to become problematic for high-speed WLANs: These challenges include (a) achieving high user-level throughputs at high PHY data rates and (b) meeting the quality of service requirements of diverse applications (e.g., video streaming, web surfing, and bulk transfers) when they co-exist in a WiFi network. Due to the shared nature of the wireless medium, a carrier sensing based random access protocol is used in all 802.11-based standards. To arbitrate access to the channel, wireless access protocols introduce overheads like backoffs, preambles, and acknowledgements that lower performance efficiency at high data rates thereby resulting in low throughput. To address this inefficiency, recentWiFi standards (e.g., 802.11n/ac) allow (a) frame aggregation, whereby multiple frames are transmitted as a single aggregate frame on every channel access, and (b) block acknowledgements, whereby a single frame is to used for acknowledging the receipt of several frames. These features amortize the contention overhead over multiple frames and thus improve efficiency. At high data rates, frame aggregation introduces two challenges. First, sending large aggregate frames in a single transmission increases the opportunity cost of losing a frame, which leads to greater degradation in performance. In WiFi networks, frame losses can occur due to a weak signal, collisions, or hidden nodes. The MAC layer should respond differently to different types of losses. To achieve high performance, it is essential to infer the cause of frame loss accurately. We propose, implement and evaluate BLMon, a framework for loss differentiation that uses loss patterns within aggregate frames and their retries to achieve loss differentiation accurately and with low overhead. The second challenge arises in the presence of a mix of traffic, ranging from delay sensitive real-time applications to bulk file transfers that require high throughput. We show that using QoS mechanisms in high-speed WLANs presents a tradeoff between maximizing the performance of real-time applications and achieving high throughput. We design SlickFi; a service differentiation scheme that addresses this tradeoff and simultaneously maximizes the performance of real-time applications and network throughput. SlickFi achieves this by (a) isolating different types of traffic in non-overlapping parts of the spectrum by mapping them to different radios; and (b) adapting channel width on a per-frame basis to make efficient use of the wireless channel. The proposed solutions are readily deployable on commodity devices using only software level changes. We demonstrate the validity of our solutions by performance evaluation over a real testbed in diverse scenarios.Journals by Discipline
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