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پروفیسر ایم ایم شریف

پروفیسر ایم۔ایم شریف
پروفیسر ایم۔ایم شریف اگرچہ اصلاً پنجابی تھے لیکن درحقیقت وہ تھے علی گڑھ کاسرمایۂ گراں پایہ۔ وہ یہاں طالبِ علم رہے، پھر فلسفہ کے پروفیسر اورصدر شعبہ ہوئے۔یونیورسٹی کے پرووائس چانسلر بھی بنے اوراپنے علم وفضل، اخلاق وعادات اورہمدردی ومحبت کے باعث یونیورسٹی کی سوسائٹی میں نہایت مقبول اور ہردلعزیز ہوکر رہے،تقسیم کے بعد علی گڑھ کی یہ دولت پاکستان منتقل ہوگئی تواب اُن کے تحقیقی اورتصنیفی جوہر کھلے، چنانچہ ادب، فلسفہ اوراسلامیات پر انھوں نے انگریزی اور اُردو میں اتنی فکرانگیز اورمحققانہ کتابیں اورمقالات لکھے جوایک مصنف کے فخر کرنے اور اس کو علم وادب کی دنیا میں زندہ جاوید بنانے کے لیے کافی ہیں۔ اسی بناء پر اُن کو پاکستان میں علمی اعزاز بھی بڑے سے بڑاحاصل ہوا،ادارۂ ثقافتِ اسلامی کے ڈائرکٹر ہوئے،پاکستان فلاسفکل کانگریس کے صدر چُنے گئے،پنجاب یونیوسٹی میں فیکلٹی آف آرٹس کے ڈین مقرر ہوئے۔ان کاقلم بڑا شگفتہ نگار اورباغ وبہار تھا۔ طبعاً اپنے نام کی طرح نہایت شریف اوراعلیٰ اخلاق وکردار کے انسان تھے۔راقم الحروف کی پہلی ملاقات اُس وقت ہوئی تھی جبکہ مسلم یونی ورسٹی کی انجمن تمدن وتاریخِ اسلامی کی دعوت پر۴۰ء میں راقم نے یونیورسٹی کے یونین ہال میں عمر میں پہلی مرتبہ ’’مسلمانوں کے زوال کے اسباب‘‘ پرتقریر کی تھی اورپروفیسر محمد شریف مرحوم نے اُس جلسہ کی صدارت کی تھی ۔تقسیم کو داد دیجیے کہ موصوف کاانتقال ہوگیااوراس کی اطلاع ہم کوکئی ماہ کے بعد ابھی پچھلے دنوں لاہور کے ماہنامہ ثقافت کے چار مہینوں کے یکجائی نمبرسے ہوئی، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے نوازے ۔
[جولائی ۱۹۶۶ء]

Sindh under the Mughals: Some Glimpses from Tarikh-i-Masumi and Mazhar-iShahjahani

The Mughal period (1592-1737 CE) rightly claims to produce an abundant amount of literature on history and culture of Sindh. This article aims to highlight impacts of Mughal rule on politics, administration and society of Sindh. There were a number of official writers emerged, who endeavored for drawing a plausibly adequate picture of the Mughal administration. Their narrations have been qualified by the quality and expanse of available information. Studies of the Mughal administration in Sindh are, for the most part, relied upon notable works significantly include some indigenous historical sources. This article fundamentally based upon the two such masterpieces titled Tarikh-i-Sindh alias Tarikh-i-Masumi (c. 1593 CE) and the Mazhar-iShahjahani (c. 1634 CE). Both of these compilations offer an overview of the dynamics of the Mughal politics concerning different administrative units and offices. Besides the political history, some new aspects in terms of socioeconomic conditions are also evident on the basis of the first hand record. I anticipate that this endeavor would reveal some extent the true perception about the politics and society in Sindh under the Mughals.

Development of Hybrid Metaheuristic for Global Optimization.

Metaheuristics is a research area that delivers general purpose high quality optimization algorithms, proved effectual in dealing with complex global optimization problems. Success of metaheuristics greatly depends on their aptitude to establish equilibrium between their essential characters: exploration and exploitation. But the advent of No Free Lunch theorems by Wolpert and Macready established a general opinion that all algorithms perform equally when averaged over the whole function space and hence none of them can be claimed to be the best over the entire function space. For this reason, the basic algorithms require essential refinements and enhancements. The main goal of this thesis is twofold: to develop new effective hybrid metaheuristic strategies for solving selected global optimization problems and to analyze the performances of developed hybrid metaheuristics on mathematical benchmark functions and complex real world problems that can be modeled as global optimization problems. Generally, hybridization is carried out by integrating powerful components of different algorithms. The first hybrid metaheuristic proposed in this work is Controlled Showering Optimization (CSO) algorithm which is a combination of Artificial Showering Algorithm and frame based search mechanism. The second proposed hybrid algorithm is Cooperative Multi-Simplex algorithm (CMSA) that is based on collaborative search of multiple simplexes working under the iterations of a Non- Stagnated Nelder-Mead Simplex algorithm (NS-NMSA). The evolvement of the provably convergent variant NS-NMSA is also carried out in this work by identifying and coping the failures and stagnations of standard Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm. Multi-Simplex Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (MS-ICA) is the third hybrid metaheuristic which is designed by embedding NS-NMSA iterations in Imperialist Competitive Algorithm. The fourth hybrid metaheuristic designed in this continuation is obtained by integrating CMSA and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. In a specifically constructed computational framework, this hybrid algorithm in collaboration with Padé approximation is named as hybrid Evolutionary Padé Approximation (EPA) scheme. The efficiencies of developed hybrid metaheuristics are validated empirically along with some theoretical results. Statistical analysis of simulation results of CSO applications to diversified small as well as large scale benchmark functions is conducted for evaluating its computational efficiency and consistency. The posterior non-parametric statistical analyses of the results indicate significantly better performance of CSO algorithm. Theoretical convergence results of NS-NMSA are also accompanied by numerical simulations on reported counter examples and a test suite of 24 benchmark functions. The two proposed hybrid algorithms, CMSA and MS-ICA, are applied to solve physical nonlinear systems of equations and excellent results are observed. Finally the proposed EPA framework is implemented for numerical treatments of the nonlinear model of virus propagation in computer networks and the model of Dengue fever with incubation period of virus. Numerical simulations and residuals based error analysis confirm the abilities of the proposed hybrid EPA scheme to preserve the essential characteristics of the epidemiological models.
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