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۔غزل

غزل۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ اجمل اعجاز

بنا بولے ہوئے گفتار کرنا
سکوں دیتا ہے روٹھے کو منانا
جگایا ہے کسی غفلت زدہ کو
کیا مفلس مری دریا دلی نے
جہاں پاؤں رکھو، روشن زمیں ہو
تری باتیں رلائیں خوں کے آنسو
محبت کا صلہ اجرت نہیں ہے

 

اسے کہتے ہیں آنکھیں چار کرنا
منا کر پھر اسی کو پیار کرنا
غلط ہے کیوں اسے ہر بار کرنا
مجھے آتا نہیں انکار کرنا
دئے روشن یونہی دلدار کرنا
زباں کو اور کیا تلوار کرنا
مری جاں، ہے یہ کاروبار کرنا

المقاصد عند الإمام الشاطبي

Scholars of the Usul -early and recent- have paid utmost importance to the Maqâsid al-Shariah or the Objectives of Shariah and tried to substantiate, associate and link them with its sources, Qur’an and Sunnah, then to derive from them the Legislator’s or the Shari‘s purpose, the revelation’s true purpose and how it benefits the creatures in terms of promoting what is in their interest and shunning away what is harmful. These objectives became the point of interest for the jurists and scholars who toiled to understand the texts and what they connoted and they continue to venture into its depths and extract its treasures. It becomes quite evident from their exegeses of Qur’an and the Prophetic Traditions and elucidations of the juristic principles and issues. Imam al-Shâtibī and Ibn ‘Ashoor are two such scholars in this field who studied the Objectives of Shariah and contributed to this discipline so greatly that they became reference points for those who came after them. The basic principles in the field that were inferred by them are still its pillars. The Objectives of Shariah are divided into four kinds with reference to their benefits: the necessities, needs, improvements and supplements. The necessities are further divided into protection of Deen, protection of self, of intellect, of possessions and of race among others. Prudence demands that all means should be employed to safeguard these necessities. Thus knowing the Objectives of Shariah and their promulgation among the masses is quite important for the society since it leads towards promotion of the beneficial and shunning away the harmful elements in it.

Effect of Variations in Feed Constituents, Feeding Regime and Stocking Density on the Growth of Seabream in Cage Culture

Aquaculture is the rearing of aquatic organisms (fish) from juveniles to marketable size under captivity for socioeconomic benefits and conservation of wild stocks. The present study is the first report on the culture of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) in the coastal waters of Pakistan. The juveniles were collected from the same area and used in experiments designed to evaluate the growth performance of this species in net-cages. The optimum protein requirement for the species was determined (Chapter-2) by offering five types of experimental diets containing 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% protein to fish groups for 56 days. The second order polynomial regression suggests that 42% protein is required for optimum growth and fish body composition. The 42% protein diet was further employed to investigate the optimum feeding level for this species (Chapter- 3). The experiment was designed where fish groups were fed at four feeding levels, such as, 3, 5, 7 and 9% body weight (bw) /day respectively for 49 days. The best growth performance was noted in fish fed at 7% bw/day. The most expensive ingredient (fishmeal), in another experiment, was replaced by plant protein (soybean meal). The experimental fish groups received diets for 56 days where 20, 40, 60 and 80% fishmeal has been replaced by soybean meal. The results reflect that 40% fishmeal may be replaced by soybean meal without impairing fish growth and body composition in comparison with the control fishmeal containing diet (Chapter-4). The feeding frequency is another important information required in aquaculture that would reduce feed losses and benefit the economics of the whole culture operation. The best growth was observed in fish group fed 4 times a day in 49 day feeding trial where other groups of fish received feed 2, 3 and 6 times/day (Chapter-5). The effect of stocking density on the growth of A. arabicus in the floating-net cages (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5m) stocked at 30, 60, 100 and 150 fish/cage (equivalent to 20, 40, 67 and 100 fish m-3, respectively) was assessed for 60 days. Results showed that maximum growth at 20 and 40 fish m-3 with low mortality rates. From the whole study, it may be concluded that yellowfin seabream, A. arabicus, may be optimally reared in a natural environment stocked at 40 fish m-3 by providing a diet with 42% protein fed four times a day at 7% body weight. In addition, operational cost may be reduced by replacing 40% fishmeal by soybean meal compromising the optimum fish growth performance, survivals and body composition.
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