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اثر صہبائی کی ادبی خدمات

اثر صہبائی کی ادبی خدمات

اثر صہبائی (۱۹۰۱۔۱۹۶۱ء) کا اصل نام خواجہ عبد السمیع پال تھا۔ اثر ؔسیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ اثرؔ کے بزرگوں نے کشمیر سے ہجرت کی تھی اور سیالکوٹ میں آباد ہوئے تھے۔ آپ نے گورنمنٹ کالج لاہور سے ایم۔ اے فلسفہ اور ایل ایل بی کیا۔ ۱۹۳۱ء میں ان کی رفیقہ حیات ان سے جدا ہو گئیں تو افسردگی ‘ تاریکی اور مایوسی کے بادل ان کی زندگی پر چھا گئے۔ ۱۹۳۴ء میں آپ اس غم و اندوہ کییورش سے گھبرا کر سری نگر کشمیر چلے گئے۔ کشمیر میں ان دنوں ادبی مجلسیں اور ادبی نشستیں ہو رہی تھیں جن میں ڈاکٹر عبد الحکیم‘ نواب جعفر خان اثر لکھنوی‘ ڈاکٹر تاثیر اور پنڈت برج موہن دتاتر یہ کیفی دہلوی جیسے شعراء و ادبا شرکت کرتے تھے۔ اثر ان ادبی محفلوں کے روح رواں ہوتے تھے۔ آپ نے کشمیر ہائی کورٹ میں قائد اعظم کے ساتھ جونیئر وکیل کی حیثیت سے بھی کام کیا۔ قائد اعظم نے مقدمہ جیتنے کے بعد صہبائی کی محنت کو سراہا۔(۱)
اثرؔ صہبائی کی پہلی تصنیف ’’جامِ صہبائی‘‘ ہے۔ قطعات و رباعیات پر مشتمل یہ شعری مجموعہ ۱۹۲۸ء میں دارالتالیف بیڈن روڈ لاہور سے طبع ہوا۔
’’خمستان‘‘ اثر کا دوسرا مجموعہ کلام ہے جو غزلوں‘ نظموں‘ قطعات و رباعیات اور متفرق اشعار پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس کا پہلا ایڈیشن۱۹۳۳ء میں آزاد بک ڈپو سیالکوٹ سے شائع ہوا۔ اثر ؔکا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ’’جامِ طہور‘‘ ۱۹۳۷ء کو تاج کمپنی لمیٹڈ لاہور نے طبع کیا۔ اس مجموعے میں رباعیات اور قطعات ہیں۔ ’’راحت کدہ‘‘ اثر ؔکا چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ہے جو ۱۹۴۲ء میں تاج کمپنی لمیٹڈ لاہور کے زیر اہتمام طبع ہو کر شائع ہوا۔’’ راحت کدہ ‘‘حضرت اثر صہبائی کے اس کلام پر مشتمل ہے جو انہوں نے اپنی جواں مرگ رفیقہ حیات راحت کی موت سے متاثر ہو کر...

Religiosity for Promotion of Behavior: Role of Islamic Worships in Moral Development of Muslim Youth

The question of moral rectitude and upbringing of youth in the current social arena is the contemporary discovery attributed to social and family norms that also undergo change due to social and economic reasons. Consequently, deferring levels of piety become more or less acceptable according to an individual’s surroundings and age. The study was done to determine the association between religiosity and behaviors likely to improve the moral, social and psychological habits of young Muslims. The discussion of the article contextualizes the effects of observing practices of Islam on a larger scale. A sample study of this research can be used as evidence to counter the contemporary environment which inevitably generates contradictions for young people. The contradictions result in uncertainty and materialistic atmosphere which does not cater to their spiritual needs and the requirements to develop as the youth of Ummah. Yet, we cannot stop or avoid the negative channels and their effects prevailing on the internet. We can; however, extend the positive spiritual energy in youth that is only possible through careful observance of religious practices comprising regular prayers, fasting, charity and pilgrimage (Hajj). The current apathy of our youth towards the religious injunctions may be attributed to social and family norms that are in some cases relative to the economic conditions and social backup. This will evaluate and assess the way and means of effective inlaying of moral fields where our young people can improve their moral aptitude and rectitude. The impasse of current moral turpitude can be shattered with the bounding relation of human activity and Islamic ritual.

Functional Carbon Materials Derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks Mofs for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Coversion

World electricity demand is estimated to double by the mid-century and to triple by the end of the century, even after efficient conservation technology development. Fossil fuels such as natural gas and oil, the major contributors to global electricity generation, are anticipated to peak-over in the following few decades. The generation of electrical energy from renewable resources instead of from fossil fuels has received great interest due to the resource limitations and environmental impacts of the latter. Renewables such as solar radiation and wind face significant challenges of time-dependent intensity fluctuation and natural geographical distribution. Among the different strategies for smoothing the disordered renewables, the electrical energy storage and conversion has been recognized the most efficient and effective approach. Energy storage in the form of charges include supercapacitors and battery technologies, the former is very effective in terms of power density while the latter is the best option in terms of energy density. Energy conversion devices include fuel cells, which can generate electricity from chemical fuels with large efficiency and zero pollutant emission and are very suitable for use in vehicle engines and portable electronics. In the first part of this research work, different MOFs precursors, namely MOF-5, Zn-BTC, MOF-199, MIL-101(Cr) and ZIF-12 are converted to pure carbon, and metal oxide decorated carbon structures by the inert-atmosphere template carbonization approach. MOF-derived carbon nanospheres and microporous carbons have delivered specific capacitance in the range of 150 to 350 F g–1, the optimum performance of the designed electrode materials in comparison to the literature. In long-term cycling performance, the copper oxide decorated graphitic carbons and the chromium oxide decorated turbostratic graphitic carbons retained about 95% of their initial capacitance. The novel innovative hybrid composite of cobalt oxide embedded N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from single-step calcination of ZIF-12 has shown an excellent lithium charge/discharge and storage, retaining ~95% capacity after 50 cycles and a reversible capacity of ~1100 mA h g–1 at a current density of 0.1 A g–1, which far exceeds the performance of conventional lithium ion battery anode materials under similar conditions. In the second part of this research work, platinum group metal-type (PGM-type) catalysts were deposited on MOF-5-derived high-surface area carbon and electrochemically evaluated for the fuel cell cathodic sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Pt-Ni composition (1:1) exhibited a pronounced positive shift of 90 mV in onset-potential while the Pt-Cu composition (1:1) has delivered an outstanding stability and longevity when evaluated against the commercial Pt/C (20%) catalyst. The significantly improved activity and stability of the catalysts can be attributed to the Pt electron interaction with first-row transition metals and carbon support that prevents the nanoparticles from agglomeration and dissolution as has been proved in X-ray and microscopic analysis.
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