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ادبی زندگی کا آغاز

ادبی سفر کا آغاز

                 ناطق کے ادبی سفر کا آغاز بچپن سے ہی ہوا تھا۔وہ بتاتے ہیں کہ شروع میں مصوری کرنا انھیں پسند تھا اپنے دوستوں کی ڈرائنگ کاپیاں بنایا کرتے تھے۔ پھر مجسمہ سازی میں بھی اپنا ہنر آزمایا۔وہ ادبی سفر کے آغاز میں اپنے تجربات بتاتے ہوئے کہتے ہیں کہ :

’’ہمارے گھر کے پاس ایک شیشم کا درخت تھا جس پر ایک دن کوئل بیٹھی تھی۔وہ ایک درخت سے دوسرے درخت پر جابیٹھی تو اسے دیکھ کر میں نے کہا کہ یہ تو میں بھی کرسکتا ہوں۔تو میں نے بھی ویسے ہی کرنے کی کوشش کی لیکن میں منہ کے بل نیچے خس وخاشاک پہ آگرا۔اسی طرح کے تجربات میں کرتا رہتا تھا۔ہر چیز کو آزمایا اور آزمانے کے بعد نتیجہ نکالا کہ یہ میں کرسکتا ہوں اور یہ میں نہیں کر پاؤں گا۔"(1)

                تجربات کے بعد جب ناطق نتیجہ نکالتے تو وہ اس چیز کو ترک کردیتے جو وہ نہیں کرپاتے تھے مگر وہ اسے دیکھ کر کرنے کی کوشش ضرور کرتے تھے۔پھر کتابیں پڑھنا شروع کیں تو پڑھتے ہوئے میں نے سوچا کہ یہ کتنا اچھا لکھا ہوا ہے اور پھر یہ شوق بڑھتا گیا بچپن میں ہی اپنے دوستوں پر خاکے لکھنا شروع کر دیے اور شاعری کرنا شروع کردی وہ بتاتے ہیں کہ شاعری کی طرف پہلے راغب ہوا۔ناطق کا خاندان جب ہجرت کرکے پاکستان آیا تو اتنے مشکل حالات میں بھی ان کے دادا جان جو عربی اور فارسی دونوں زبانوں پر کمال عبور رکھتے تھے۔ہندوستان سے اپنی کتابیں ساتھ لانے میں کامیاب رہے ،وہ ان کی ادب سے دلچسپی تھی۔انہوں نے بتایا کہ وہ اپنے بچپن میں اپنے دادا کی کتابیں پڑھتے تھے۔ کہانیاں پڑھنے کا شوق وہ بچپن ہی سے...

عصر حاضر كی اجتہادی كاوشوں میں مقاصد شریعت كی رعایت

Ijtiha'd is to make utmost endeavor in the light of the basic sources of Islam, the Qur'an and Sunnah to develop the most viable rulings on the new challenges of the time. Muslim scholars have always risen to new challenges. In the contemporary period many Muslim scholars attempted to resolve new problems keeping in view the very objectives of Islamic Law (mtufd al-shari’ah) , which is totally different from literal understanding and application of the rulings of the Qur'an and Sunnah. This article seeks to highlight the contribution of some Muslim scholars in the contemporary period to the application of matpsid al-shari'ah as a principle of ijtihud

Characterization of Selected Varieties of Rice Oryza Sativa and its By-Product Rice Bran for Valuable Nutrients and Antioxidants

Rice is one of the most important staple foods on which more than half of the global population de- pends as a source of their calories. Pakistan being one of the world’s major rice producing countries produces rice not only for its domestic needs but also for export to earn foreign exchange. With the current trends for functional foods and nutraceuticals, growing need exists to explore local rice cul- tivars for biochemical composition and nutrient specificity to enhance the share of rice in trade mar- ket and to benefit consumer’s health. The primary objective of the present research was to character- ize selected varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its by-product (rice bran) for the important nutri- ents, high value-components and antioxidant attributes. The rice varieties most commonly cultivated in Pakistan were analyzed for the quality- oriented physiochemical and nutritive attributes such as moisture, ash, crude fiber, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and minerals etc. Proximate analysis re- vealed that Pakistani varieties, especially, Basmati rice, contain appreciable amounts of important nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, crude fiber and minerals. Extraction for antioxidant components from rice and rice bran was carried out by employing six solvents; methanol (100%,80%), ethanol (100%,80%) and isopropanol (80%,100%) and two extraction techniques; or- bital shaker and sonication-assisted orbital shaker. Overall, best extraction yields of antioxidant components were obtained with 80% isopropanol and 80% methanol using sonication-assisted or- bital shaker. The antioxidant activity of the tested varieties of rice and rice bran was assessed using various in vitro antioxidant essays e.g. estimation of total phenolic contents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging capacity, reducing power and ferrous ion-chelating activity. Present study revealed that tested Pakistani rice varieties have considerable potential for total phenolics and radical scavenging activity. The profiles of carbohydrates, fatty acids, sterols, amino acids, tocopherols and γ-oryzanol compounds were studied by using state-of-the-art spectro- scopic and chromatographic techniques such as UV/Vis spectrophotometer, HPLC, GC, GC-MS etc., where applicable. Among rice varieties tested sixteen amino acids were detected with glutamic acid, arginine, leucine and aspartic acid as the major components. GC analysis of the fatty acids composition depicted C18:1 and C18:2 as the major fatty acids of rice varieties. GC and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of β-sitosterol, stigmastenol and campesterol as the main phytosterol components. HPLC analysis of the tocopherols and γ-oryzanol showed the distribution of α- tocopherol (41.2-76.1 mg/kg), γ-tocopherol (20.5-27.5 mg/kg) and δ-tocopherol (6.5-14.2 mg/kg) and 24-methylcycloartenyl ferulate (140.2-183.1 mg/kg), cycloartenyl ferulate (65.5-103.6 mg/kg) and campesteryl ferulate (29.8-45.5 mg/kg) as the principal components. Overall, Basmati Pak, Basmati 198 and Basmati 2000 were found good nutritive varieties in respect of antioxidants poten- tial and valuable nutrients. In view of investigations of valuable phytochemicals and bioactives it is revealed that the rice has great potential for functional food and nutraceuticals applications. Efforts should be made to highlight the nutritive potential/quality of local aromatic rice varieties for enhanc- ing their commercialization at global level.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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