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معاشرتی رویوں کا شعری اظہار

معاشرتی رویوں کا شعری اظہار

تائب نظامی کا بچپن ہی سے حجرۂ صابری سے تعلق ہے۔ بنابریں میں ان کو اور ان کی شاعری کے مزاج کو بخوبی سمجھتا ہوں۔ ان کے عجز نے ان کی شخصیت اور سہل ممتنع میں شاعری نے ان کو ممتاز شعرا کی صف میں کھڑا کر دیا ہے۔
ان کی شاعری میں غمِ جاناں کے ساتھ ساتھ غمِ دوراں کا بھی بھرپور تذکرہ موجود ہے۔ خارجی اور داخلی جذبات و احساسات کو بھی بڑے خوب صورت انداز میں موضوعِ سخن بنایا گیا ہے۔
ایک شاعر کو معاشرے کے جن رویوں کا علم ہونا چاہیے اُن رویوں کا تائب نظامی کو بدرجہ احسن ادراک ہے۔ دعا گو ہوں کہ ان کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’صبحِ قفس‘‘ مقبولِ خواص و عوام ہو۔ نمونے کے طور پر ان کا ایک شعر ملاحظہ ہو:
ہر صبح مری صبح قفس جیسی ہے تائب
ہر شام مری شامِ غریباں کی طرح

دیوان تنویر نوازش صابری
حجرہ صابری
تاندلیا نوالہ

Constitutional Provisions for the Rights of Non-Muslim Minorities in Pakistan

Pakistan is a Muslim country and got freedom from British Government, on August 14, 1947. It was separated from India on the basis of Islamic ideology. Though majority of population was Muslims but there was sufficient number (5%) of non Muslims, such as Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Calashes’, Baha’is, Zikaria’s, and Parsis etc.  The presence of non Muslims in Pakistan was a great challenge to safe guard their rights in the constitution of Pakistan to maintain the communal harmony in the country. This paper focuses on the provisions of non-Muslim rights in the constitution of Pakistan. It discusses the constitutional provision for the rights of non Muslims. Such as personal law, freedom to religion, safe guard against special taxes, non discrimination in respect of access to public places, discrimination in services, preservation of language script and culture, promotion of social justice and predication of social evils, right to vote,   reservation of seats in National assembly and to run and manage their religious institutions. This paper also suggests some recommendations for the solution of contemporary non Muslim minorities, problems in Pakistan and also achievement of Ministry of non Muslim Minorities Affairs, 2008 to 2010 in Pakistan.

Text-Independent Speaker Verification System for Pashto Speakers With Accent and Dialect Recognition

In this thesis, “a text-independent speaker verification system for Pashto speakers using accent and dialect recognition approach” has been designed. The purpose of the designed system is to recognize the region of origin of Pashto native speakers on the basis of their distinct dialects and to verify them using a speaker verification system. Due to the unavailability of the Pashto voice data in the form of different accents and dialects, a Pashto speakers’ database using different dialects of Pashto was developed. In order to develop the data initially, different dialectical variations of Pashto language were studied in detail and then the speech data was collected only from those different regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan where the Pashto is spoken with different dialects. After the database development, it is processed through front end and feature extraction processes where Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) features have been extracted from the collected data. After the MFCC feature vectors have been obtained, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based classifier was designed to classify the speakers. Two separate classification experiments were performed (1) Speaker identification followed by dialect identification (2) Text-independent speaker verification followed by dialect identification. Speaker identification followed by dialect identification achieved 96.0 % identification accuracy, whereas, speaker verification followed by dialect identification achieved 100 % verification accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based dialect identification system achieved 93.8 % identification accuracy in identifying Pashto native dialects. In order to inspect the noise robustness of the proposed system, the system’s performance was checked with the different degrees of noise level and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) was computed for each degree of noise. The performance of the system showed slightly degradation with the increase in the noise level, hence, showed its robustness against noise. A simple Pashto digits recognition (1 to 10 digits of Pashto) was also included in the study using MLP, HMM & SVM classifiers. Comparative analysis showed that the SVM based Pashto digit recognizer with 98.5 % recognition accuracy outperformed both the MLP and HMM based Pashto digit recognizers by showing 1.3 % and 3.3 % improvement in recognition accuracy. In order to benchmark the proposed research, the system’s performance was further tested on classifying some foreign accent of Pashto (Urdu accent of Pashto). In case of classifying the Urdu accent of Pashto, the system achieved 74.4 % recognition accuracy. Finally, the results achieved in the conducted experiments were compared with the recently proposed state of the art dialect identification, speaker verification and Pashto digit recognition systems. Comparative study showed that the proposed system outperformed some recently proposed dialect identification as well as speaker verification systems and showed relative improvement in recognition accuracies.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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