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ایس۔ پرسی ۔ اسمتھ

مسٹر ایس ، پرسی اسمتھ

مسٹر ایس، پرسی اسمتھ کی موت تاریخ عالم کا حادثۂ عظیم ہے، وہ مسوری قوم کی تاریخ، روایات، مذہب اور تمام دوسری خصوصیات کے لیے سند تھے۔ انھوں نے چالیس سال تک نیوزی لینڈ میں اسی قبیلہ کے ساتھ گزارے تھے۔ ۱۹۰۰؁ء میں وہاں سے واپس آکر اسی قوم کے متعلق مضامین و رسائل لکھا کرتے تھے، حال ہی میں ان کی کتاب کا جو انھوں نے اسی قوم کی تاریخ پر لکھی ہے، چوتھا ایڈیشن شایع ہوا ہے۔ (دسمبر ۱۹۲۲ء)

 

الأسس والقرائن المنهجية الحديثية لتحقق العلم بالخبر: دراسة استقرائية في مصادر المصطلح وأقوال النقّاد

        The research methodology represents a scientific feature that highlights its manifestations and its fruits according to the nature and results of the methodology; this shows the intellectual contribution and impact on the advancement of human civilization in the scientific field.  The methodology of Muhaddithin provided an innovative and practical approach about the certainty of narations which they had devised and applied.           The question is: what is the way to document the narrations? To answer this question needs to refer to the books of sciences of Hadith, and when looking at these books shows that they are addressing this issue under different topics.           But the knowledge of narrations in terms of the factors pertaining to certainty is not covered in special sub title, but there are hints scattered in different places in the books of sciences of Hadith. There is still a need to address the issue comprehensively in all aspects relating the factors of certainty, Hence the goal of the research from the next two points 1- Exploration the foundations and factors pertaining to the certainty about the narrations. 2- Highlight the methodological innovation according to Muhaddithin in this regard. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of Methodological Bases and warranting Circumstances for Sunnah Authentication.

Use of “Observation Skills” As a Teaching/Learning Strategy in Primary Science Classroom

Observation skill is a central science process skill and can be used as a teaching/learning strategy in science classrooms to enhance students' scientific attitude and learning. Observation skill is critical for gaining command on other science process skills. It helps in widening the conceptual understanding by children of things around them and also in promoting their natural curiosity. This study is based on aspects of observation strategy extracted from the literature and implemented in one of the government schools in Pakistan. The prevailing practice of science in most of the schools in Pakistan is teacher-oriented and teachers think of themselves as dispenser of information and indulge in expository teaching. The part of students in such teaching/learning discourse is that of passive spectators. Children's prior experiences and observations are usually not taken into account, especially in primary schools. The intent of this study was to introduce observation as a teaching/learning strategy in primary science classrooms using peer coaching as a model. Additional objectives of study were to find out the views of the teacher about the use of observation as a teaching/learning strategy, possibilities for its use and challenges encountered during teaching. During the process I found I focused more on that than the development of the teacher. The reason could be my desire to see how and what the outcome of observation as a teaching/learning strategy would be. The results of the study showed that observation as a teaching/ learning strategy has considerable impact on altering the classroom milieu. Moreover, the findings indicate that observation, as a teaching/learning strategy is very effective in engaging students in exploring their surroundings by using their senses to the maximum. In addition, it helps a teacher to attain maximum participation of the students. The use of observation as a teaching/learning strategy fosters pupils' enthusiasm, curiosity, and act as an impetus in learning. As far as the teacher learning is concerned I found that certain factors foster teacher's learning such as teacher's openness to learning, prior experience, pedagogical content knowledge. On the other hand, factors which hindered teacher learning include having a defensive attitude, are general attitude regarding teaching-learning discourse. Action research was the strategy used for this study, a methodology usually adopted by educators to improve the existing practices or situation. This strategy has benefited many people, for instance the co-teacher, the students involved in the study and myself, as I was more interested
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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