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اقرار کی مسدسِ مصطفیٰؐ

اقرار کی مسدسِ مصطفی ﷺ
پروفیسرڈاکٹرمحمدافتخارشفیع
نعت کو دیگر اصناف ادب پر وہی تفوق حاصل ہے جو اس کی موضوعہ ہستی کو باقی انسانوں پرہے(یعنی بعدازخدا.....)۔گزشتہ صدیوں میںنعت کا تخلیق کردہ سرمایہ بہت زیادہ ہونے کے باوجود طلب سے کم ہے۔زمانوں کے تغیر نے کیسے کیسے نامیوں کے نشانات کو بود سے نابود کردیا ۔ دنیا کے فٹ پاتھ سے انسانی نسلوں کے نہ جانے کتنے گروہ بے خیالی میں گزر گئے ،ایسی مقدس ہستیاں بہت کم ہیں جنھوں نے جلوسِ جہاں میں اپنی یادوں کے دستخط ثبت کیے ۔وقت کے بہتے دھارے نے انسانی چہروں پر فراموشی کی دھول جما دی، لیکن چنیدہ لوگوں میں سر فہرست ایک باکمال ذات ایسی بھی ہے کہ وقت کا یہ سیلِ بے پناہ اس کے جمال ِپرانوار میں روز بہ روز اضافہ کرتا جارہا ہے۔اس کا ذکر حسب ِوعدہ بلند سے بلند تر ہوتا جارہا ہے ۔دنیا کے دیگر مذاہب اور عقاید میں تصویریں اور بت بنا کر اپنے مشاہیر کو خراج تحسین پیش کرنے کی روایت موجود تھی،اسلام میں اس کی سخت ممانعت کی وجہ سے پیغمبراسلام ﷺ کی خدمت میں الفاظ کا نذرانہ بہ ذریعہ نعت پیش کرنے کا آغاز ہوا۔
نعت کی صنف اپنے جلو میں متعدد فکری زاویے رکھتی ہے ۔آپ جناب سرکار صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم کی سیرت کے ساتھ ساتھ صورت میں بھی نورونکہت کی ہمیشگیاں فی الحقیقت اسی مقدار میں موجود ہیں جسے دوسرے لفظوں میں خیر کثیر کہا جاتا ہے۔جس طرح زندگی کے جمالیاتی زاویوں کی افادیت سے انکار ممکن نہیں بالکل اسی طرح اس عظیم ہستی کے جمال پرنور کی عظمت سے کیسے انکارممکن ہے۔ہماری شاعری میں داخلی کیفیات کی ترجمانی ہو، یا ملت کے اصلاح احوال کے تذکرے، ملتِ بیضا کی مشکلات کو استغاثے کی صورت میں بیان کرنے کا ہنر ہو یا حسن وجمال روحانی نقش گری...

DIGITAL LITERACY AS A FOUNDATION FOR RELIGIOUS MODERATION LEARNING AT SALATIGA'S AL-HIJRAH TINGKIR ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL

The current millennial generation, includes santri, who have digital literacy skills, but unfortunately it has not been matched by ability to use digital media to obtain information and self development. The purpose of the research was to determine the extent to which students’ digital literacy skills, how to use digital literacy as a basis for religious moderation learning, and the obstacles faced during the training on the use of digital literacy at the Al-Hijrah Islamic Boarding School Tingkir Salatiga. This research is a qualitative and participatory action research. Data collection techniques used are participant observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses Mile and Hubermen in the form of reduction, presentation, and conclusions. The research procedure includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The result of the studi show that digital literacy can be used as a basis for learning religious moderation. The students at the Al-Hijrah Islamic Boarding School can get digital content in the form of religious moderation material from website, social media, and others. The students also take advantage of digital literacy to create religious moderation content.

Dft Studies of Carbon and Nitrogen Based Cubic Antiperovskite Materials.

In this thesis, we present theoretical studies of antiperovskites ANCa3 (A=Ge, Sn, Pb), BCFe3 (B=Al, Zn, Ga), SnCD3 (D=Co and Fe) and MXY3 (M=Al, Ga, Ir, Mg, Pd, Pt, Rh; X=C, N; Y=Mn, Ni, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe) as well as SbNCa3, BiNCa3, SbNSr3 and BiNSr3. The calculations are carried out with the full-potential linearized augmented plane waves plus local orbital (FPLAPW+lo) method within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) as well as Boltzmann’s theory. The exchange–correlation effects are treated by the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBEsol) and Engel and Vosko GGA (EV-GGA). Furthermore, the modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ) as well as improved mBJ potentials are used for the exact band gaps of the semiconductors. The relativistic effects in some of the compounds under study are explored by spin-orbit coupling. The consistency of the calculated results of the thermoelectric properties of SnCCo3 and SnCFe3 with the experimental results confirms the reliability of our theoretical calculations for the other investigated metallic antiperovskites, ANCa3 (A=Ge, Sn, Pb), BCFe3 (B=Al, Zn, Ga), SnCD3 (D=Co and Fe) and MXY3 (M=Al, Ga, Ir, Mg, Pd, Pt, Rh; X=C, N; Y=Mn, Ni, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe). Our results for ANCa3 (A=Ge, Sn, Pb), BCFe3 (B=Al, Zn, Ga) and SnCD3 (D=Co, Fe) indicate that the thermopower of these materials can be enhanced by changing the chemical potential. The dimensionless figure of merit for the three nitrides approaches to 0.96 at room temperature, which predicts the usefulness of these materials in thermoelectric devices. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of these compounds is minimum at room temperature for chemical potential of -0.25 eV to 0.25 eV, with maximum values of dimensionless figure of merit in this range. The striking feature of these studies is identifying a metallic compound, SnNCa3, with the highest value of Seebeck coefficient at room temperature out of all metals. Furthermore, electronic and thermoelectric properties of carbon and nitrogen based twenty metallic antiperovskites MXY3 (M=Al, Ga, Ir, Mg, Pd, Pt, Rh; X=C, N; Y=Mn, Ni, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe) are investigated. We find high values of Seebeck coefficient and small values of electronic thermal conductivity for AlCTi3, AlNSc3, AlCNi3, AlNTi3, GaCCr3 and MgCNi3 between -0.25 and 0.25 eV chemical potential. These results show high dimensionless figure of merit in metallic materials and therefore, we predict these materials can be potential candidates for low temperature thermoelectric applications. Figure of merit for AlNTi3, GaCCr3, AlCNi3, AlNSc3, MgCNi3 and AlCTi3 materials reaches to 0.32, 0.25, 0.19, 0.19, 0.2 and 0.25 respectively, and hence are predicted to be low temperature thermoelectric materials. The structural, electronic and optical properties of antiperovskite semiconductors, SbNCa3, BiNCa3, SbNSr3 and BiNSr3 are also studied. The calculated lattice constants for these compounds are found consistent with the available experimentally measured values and other theoretical results. The band profiles show that all of these materials are direct band gap semiconductors with the band gap values of 1.1 eV, 1.09 eV, 0.92 eV and 0.81 eV for SbNCa3, BiNCa3, SbNSr3 and BiNSr3 respectively. The direct band gap nature reveals that they may be effective in optical devices and therefore the optical properties of these compounds like the real and imaginary parts of dielectric function, refractive index and absorption coefficient are calculated and discussed. Furthermore, the thermoelectric properties of these semiconductors are also calculated. Our results show high values of Seebeck coefficient for these materials between -0.25 eV and 0.25 eV chemical potential values.
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