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حرفے چند

عصر حاضر میں موسمیاتی تبدیلی بین الاقوامی مسئلہ بن چکا ہے۔ انٹرنیشنل کلائمیٹ چینج پینل کی تازہ ترین رپورٹ بتاتی ہے کہ اس وقت ماحولیاتی تبدیلیاں پوری دنیا کو بری طرح متاثر کر رہی ہیں۔ عالمی موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں سے متاثر ہ ممالک میں پاکستان  بھی شامل ہے۔سیلاب 2022ء موسمی تبدیلی کے  اثرات کا منہ بولتا ثبوت ہے۔ افسوسناک بات یہ ہے کہ پاکستان میں سیاسی و معاشی بحران کی وجہ موسمیاتی تبدیلی کے خوفناک اثرات کا مسئلہ پس پردہ چلا گیا ہے۔ مسئلہ حقائق کا نہیں بلکہ اقدامات اٹھانے کا ہے۔موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں کے اثرات کو انفرادی اور اجتماعی طور پر روکنے کے ہنگامی بنیادوں پر اقدامات اٹھانے کی ضرورت ہے۔پرنٹ،الیکٹرانک اور سوشل میڈیا کی مدد سے ماحولیاتی مسائل (موسمیاتی تبدیلی،گلوبل وارمنگ،ماحولیاتی آلودگی ) کو اجاگر کرنا چاہئے۔یہ ایک خالصتاً انسانی و قومی مسئلہ ہے۔

قدرتی وسائل کا غیر دانشمندانہ استعمال ہی موسمیاتی  تبدیلیوں کا باعث بنتا ہے۔ان موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں پر قابو پانا حضرت انسان کے لئے ایک چیلنج  بن چکا ہے۔اس کے لئے اقوام متحدہ کے زیرنگرانی  کوپ (COP)کے نام سے ماحولیاتی کانفرنسز منعقد کی جاتی ہیں۔ اس وقت ماحولیات کے بارے میں آگاہی پیداکرنا قومی فریضہ ہے۔ میرے عزیز ترین شاگرد ڈاکٹر عبدالمنان چیمہ نے " قدرتی وسائل اور ان کا استعمال: اسلامی اور سائنسی علوم کے تناظر میں " کے موضوع پر قلم اٹھا کر ایک قومی خدمت سرانجام دی ہے۔ڈاکٹر چیمہ نے اس کتاب میں قدرتی وسائل اورماحولیاتی تحفظ کے اسلامی اصول و آداب پیش کئے ہیں۔ پیش نظر کتاب ڈاکٹر چیمہ کی تحقیقی بصیرت کی آئینہ دار ہے۔امید ہے کتاب " قدرتی وسائل اور ان کا استعمال: اسلامی اور سائنسی علوم کے تناظر میں " کا مطالعہ قارئین کے لئے مفید و نافع ثابت ہوگا۔

 ڈاکٹر فرحت نسیم علوی

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حدیثِ لولاک کا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ A Research Review of the Hadith e Lawlāk

The importance and authenticity of the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) in the Muhammadan Ummah is an undisputed fact. A large number of Muḥaddithīn and imams spent their lives in collecting and editing the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) and compiled a collection of hadiths. These hadiths were classified according to their health and weakness. Due to the efforts of the imams, there are hadiths narrated from the Messenger of Allah on all sciences and knowledge and issues and rulings. Among them are Hadith Qudsī, Ma‘rūf, Mawkūf, Maktū‘, Saḥiḥ, Ḥasan Za‘īf and all other types of Hadith. The same Hadith e Qudsīyyah also includes a Hadith Lawlāk "لولاک" refers to those hadiths in which the Prophet ﷺ has been described as the cause of the creation of the universe and the origin of the universe. That is the hadith in which Allah Almighty has related the Prophet (PBUH) as the reason for creating the universe and its beings. However, the words of "Hadith e Lawlāk" The authenticity of the hadith has been made a subject of discussion. Some imams have declared this hadith to be weak and some have also said that it is valid. However, a large number of scholars have agreed on the authenticity of this hadith and the hadith has been declared correct in terms of meaning and has been recorded in the books of hadith, biographies and interpretations and other subject books. In the article under review, the sayings of Imams on the health and weakness of Hadith Lawlāk have been presented and research analysis of the said Hadith has been done through simulation and rational arguments.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel N-Vinyl Pyrrolidone Based Copolymers for Controlled Drug Delivery

Six series of N-vinyl pyrrolidone based copolymers were synthesized by free radical solution polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and n-alkyl methacrylate monomers. The n-butyl methacrylate and n-hexyl methacrylate were selected as the hydrophobic counterpart. In the first part of the study properties of uncrosslinked poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-n-alkyl methacrylate) copolymers were modified by varying the weight % ratio of the two monomers. Elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses techniques were used for structure elucidation of the copolymers. Thermal stabilities and glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were directly related to the amount of n-alkyl methacrylate as well as the alkyl chain length of methacrylate comonomer. The water uptake characteristics of the copolymers were related to the amount of hydrophilic NVP incorporated into these copolymers. The hydrophobic drug dexamethasone was loaded into the copolymers with optimum water uptake and prolonged aqueous stability. The drug release studies were carried out at physiological temperature 37 °C and pH 7.4 for 35 days. Controlled drug release was observed from the selected copolymer films during the study time period. The cumulative drug release was found to be mainly controlled by the amount of hydrophilic monomer and molecular weight of the copolymers. In the second part of present study crosslinked poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-n-alkyl methacrylate) copolymers were synthesized at fixed weight % ratio of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and n-alkyl methacrylate monomers (i.e NVP : nAMA = 90:10) using various concentrations of polyfunctional monomers employed as crosslinking agents. The effect of crosslinker concentration and functionality on gel content, thermal stability, water uptake, internal morphology and drug release was investigated. Gel contents and thermal stability of the crosslinked copolymers increased with increasing crosslinker concentration as well as its functionality. The water uptake at 37 °C decreased with increasing crosslinker concentration and functionality however the increase in alkyl chain length of alkyl methacrylate resulted in increased water uptake. The crosslinked copolymers with optimized crosslinker concentrations exhibited controlled drug release patterns at 37 °C and pH 7.4. Higher amounts of cumulative drug release were observed for copolymers crosslinked with trifunctional crosslinkers leading to complete drug release in 20-22 days while the copolymers crosslinked with difunctional crosslinker exhibited controlled drug release upto 35 days. The kinetics and mechanism of the drug release was also analyzed.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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