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اقبال بحیثیت مفکر تعلیم

اقبال بحثیت مفکر تعلیم

فریدالدین مسعود برہانی(ایڈووکیٹ)

حقیقت یہ ہے کہ حضرت علامہ کی شخصیت کئی حیثیتوں کا مجموعہ تھی۔ وہ بیک وقت شاعر بھی تھے، مفکربھی، معلم بھی اور فلسفی بھی۔اپنے دورِ طالبعلمی کے بہترین طالبعلم اور بطور استاد، بہترین استاد۔ ان کی شاعری میں استادانہ بصیرت کی جھلکیاں جابجا نظر آتی ہیں۔ یہ ایک کھلی ہوئی حقیقت ہے کہ قومی تعمیر کی خشتِ اول تعلیم ہی ہے۔ اگر یہ ٹیڑھی ہو تو قوم کے حالات درست اور مستقبل کا راست ہونا ناممکن ہو گا۔ آج قوم کی نشاۃِ ثانیہ کے موجودہ مرحلے پر اقبال کی یہ استادانہ بصیرت اس خشتِ اول کو سیدھا رکھنے والے معمار کا کام انجام دے گی۔ اقبال کے نزدیک وہی طالبعلم کامیاب ہے جو النفس وآفاق کا علم حاصل کرے۔ اس دنیا میں قابلِ فکر دو ہی چیزیں ہیں ایک تو ذہنِ انسانی ہے یعنی نفس اور دوسرے ذہن انسانی سے باہر جو کچھ ہے یعنی آفاق۔ کامیابی کی کنجی ان ہی دو کا علم ہے۔ علم النفس و علم الآفاق یہی دو بنیادی علوم ہیں۔ علم الآفاق کو آثارِ کائنات یا جدید اسطلاح میں سائنس قرار دے لیجیئے۔ دنیا کے تمام علوم انہی دو کے خسانے ہیں۔

اقبال سیکولر تعلیم کے مخالف

1933ء  میں افغانستان اعلیٰ حضرت نادر شاہ نے ڈاکٹراقبال، سلیمان ندوی اور سر راس مسعود کو افغانستان کے نظامِ تعلیم اور افغانستان یونیورسٹی  کے قیام کے سلسلہ میں مشورہ دینے کیلئے دورہ افغانستان کی دعوت دی اس دوراہ پر روانہ ہونے سے قبل 19 اکتوبر 1933 ء کو علامہ اقبال نے اخبار میں ایک بیان دیا جس میں انہوں نے کہا"شخصی طور پر میں یقین رکھتا ہوں ک تعلیم کو مکمل طور پر لا دینی (Secular)...

Modernism and Postmodernism

This study elaborates the difference and connection between modernism and postmodernism eras while highlighting their backgrounds. The research highlights the teachings of Islam in terms of modernism and postmodernism. The research brings to light the influence of modernism and postmodernism on Muslim societies. What are the far reaching impacts of the modernism and postmodernism eras of Muslim societies and how well a common Muslim is equipped to address the issues related to postmodernism. The study primarily focuses on the related issues in Pakistani society and explains the role and the influence of religious scholars of their understanding of the terms modernism and postmodernism. The study focuses on the awareness of the ’Ulamā in addressing these global challenges and subsequently the future of Pakistani society. The study has an element of quantitative research and it indicates towards the on ground realities on the issue with the help of a latest survey on modernism and postmodernism.

Landscape Conservation and Restoration of Historic Gardens of Pakistan: Case Study of Three Mughal Gardens

Historic Mughal gardens of Pakistan along with their contents are an important part of its national heritage. The Mughals are claimed to be the first to introduce the formal garden design to Indio-Pak sub-continent. Many changes have occurred overtime in the landscape of these gardens. This situation necessitates the need to restore and conserve the original landscape of these gardens. In this regard present research study had been proposed to be carried out on three purposively selected Mughal gardens namely Shalamar Garden, Tomb of Jahangir and Wah Garden where original landscape plants were searched out through available documentary records, and a list of present plants was prepared and documented. The perceptions of visitors and the information-rich persons were recorded and analyzed for inferring the results. The scanty documentary records and the absence of any landscape plan of these gardens imposed major difficulties in finding out the complete list of original plants. Many factors were found contributing towards the deterioration and destruction of landscape of these historic gardens. These included time factor, invasion of armies, neglect and carelessness, changing government policies, temporality of plant material, insufficient documentary records, and political and communal influence of residents. It was also observed that new plant varieties were being introduced in the landscape of these historic gardens which was a deviation from originality. Lack of consistent policies of the concerned department, lack of sufficient funds and technical staff and the changing priorities of the changing governments were the main reasons of unsatisfactory landscape conservation and restoration work of these gardens. Majority of the visitors expressed their wish to see the original landscape plants of these gardens. The respondents suggested various measures to increase the income of the department for proper landscape conservation and restoration. The major measures suggested by the respondents were an increase in the amount of entry ticket and imposing small tax on exports and imports. In the light of the findings of present study it is recommended that landscape conservation and restoration of these historic gardens should be carried out on scientific bases by following the international charters so that this valuable heritage asset could be saved from the threats mentioned above.
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