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باب چہارم: خطہء سیالکوٹ تنقید

باب چہارم

خطۂ سیالکوٹ ۔ تنقید

(الف) اقبال شناسی

          ڈاکٹر خواجہ عبدالحمید عرفانی (۱۹۰۷ء۔۱۹۹۰ء) کا اقبال شناسوں میں اہم مقام و مرتبہ ہے نہ صرف سیالکوٹ میں بلکہ عالمی سطح پر اقبال شناسی کی روایت میں خواجہ عرفانی ایک اہم نام ہے۔ اقبال کو ایران میں متعارف کرانے کا سہرا خواجہ عرفانی کے سر جاتا ہے۔ عرفانی صاحب کی ادبی خدمات بے پایاں ہیں مگر ہمیں یہاں صرف عبدالحمید عرفانی کی اقبال شناسی کا جائزہ لینا ہے۔ اقبال کو ایران میں متعارف کرانے کے لیے ’’رومی عصر‘‘ جیسی مدلل کتاب، پاکستان میں جنم لینے والی مشہور عشقیہ داستانوں کو ’’داستان پائے عشق پاکستان‘‘ کے نام سے ایرانیوں کے لیے ’’ضربِ کلیم‘‘ کا فارسی ترجمہ لکھنا اور عبدالحمید عرفانی کی بے پایاں محنت اور اقبال سے محبت کی غماز ہیں۔ خواجہ عبدالحمید عرفانی نے علامہ اقبال پر ’’اقبال ایرانیوں کی نظر میں‘‘ ،’’اقبالِ ایران‘‘ اور ’’پیامِ اقبال‘‘تین کتابیں لکھی ہیں۔

           ’’اقبال ایرانیوں کی نظر میں ‘‘ میں یہ واضح کرنے کی کوشش کی گئی ہے کہ اقبال سے آشنا ہونے کے بعد اہلِ علم ایرانیوں کی اقبال کے بارے میں رائے اپنے بزرگ شعرا جیسی تھی۔ اور وہ اقبال کو حافظ ،جامی ،سعدی اور رومی کی صف میں شمار کرنے لگے تھے۔ ’’اقبال ایران‘‘ میں عرفانی نے اپنے قیام ایران کے دوران اقبال کو ایران میں متعارف کرانے کی جدوجہد، ایرانیوں کی اقبال سے آشنائی اور ایرانیوں کی اقبال اور پاکستان سے محبت کا اظہار کرنے کا تذکرہ کیا ہے۔ ’’پیامِ اقبال‘‘ میں عرفانی صاحب نے طلبا کی سہولت کے لیے اقبال کے پیغام کا خلاصہ چند صفحات میں پیش کیا ہے۔ اقبال کو ایران میں متعارف کرانا کوئی آسان کام نہ تھا۔ اس دوران عرفانی...

قراءات متواترہ وشاذہ سے تفسیر قرآن

Among different ways of exegeting based on narrative method (Tafseer bil-Ma’thoor), the most reliable form is to interpret the Quran by Quran itself. There are numerous ways in which Quran elaborates its meaning one of which is the use of Qira’aat (i.e. Dialectical method). The use of different variations of reciting Quranic words elaborates its meaning. An important point to note here is that the difference in Qira’aat corroborates the diversity in the meaning and their comprehensiveness not their inconformity. Qira’aat are categorized by the scholars in two categories: There are those that are narrated and transmitted by multiplicity (Tawaatur) while others do not fulfill such criteria and are therefore denoted by the term (Shaazzah). This papers seeks to substantiate the method of interpreting the Quran by both forms of Qiraa’aat and concludes that both of these were actually revealed by Allah and are both reliable in terms of exegeting the Quranic text

The Anti Diabetic Effect of Guaiacum Officinale in Streptozotocin Induced Male Albino Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and most common disease worldwide. In Asia more than 99% population suffered from type-2 diabetes. The occurrence and consequences of diabetes type 2 in children are also increasing with its complications. In the present study, the effect of Guaiacum officinale in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats in male albino rats was observed. For determining the anti-diabetic effect of bark extract of Guaiacum officinale, we developed type 2 diabetic rat model in albino rats by the use of streptozotocin at 30 mg /kg dose by intraperitoneal route. Initially OGTT was performed for the confirmation the development of type 2 diabetic model and the estimation of serum insulin by ELIZA technique. To determine the anti-diabetic activity of Guaiacum officinale, we selected male albino (Wistar) rats, weight 200±20 gms, acclimatized in uniform environment and conditions. Animals were divided in to four groups. Control group, streptozotocin induced diabetic group (positive control) Glibenclamide (Standard) group and Guaiacum officinale (treated) group. Streptozotocin administered at a dose 30 mg/ kg, I/P, single dose. Glibenclamide at 0.5 mg/kg dose by oral route for 28 days and Guaiacum officinale at 500mg/kg dose, orally for 28 days. After treatment of 28 days, we drawn blood samples by cardiac puncture technique for estimation of blood glucose, serum insulin, pancreatic enzymes, liver enzymes, bilirubin, kidney functions and electrolytes. Histo pathological studies were also performed by H&E staining and scanning electron microscopy. Animals were sacrificed by cervical decapitation, dissected and isolate the vital organs (pancreas, kidney and liver) to observe the histological changes in all 2 groups. Blood glucose was determined by glucometer and the data was analyzed by ANOVA SPSS version 20. Expressed in (Mean±SEM). The results of blood glucose level of treated group (G.O) showed highly significant results as compare to control group. The serum insulin level was performed by ELIZA rat kit. 144 animals were selected, results were expressed in (Mean± SEM) showed that the treated group found highly significant results equivalent to control group. The estimation of pancreatic enzymes (Amylase and Lipase) were performed, 144 male albino wistar strain weight 200±20 gms were selected, results were presented in (Mean±SEM) showed that the amylase level of treated (G.O) group was found highly significant and the level of pancreatic lipase of treated group was found highly significant. In the present study, determine the effect of Guaiacum officinale on liver enzymes, selected 144 albino rats, divided in to four groups, treated group treat with extract and standard group treated with Glibenclamide for 28 days. Blood was collected in a vacutainer containing gel tubes, centrifuged at 3000 rpm; serum was separated for estimation of liver enzymes. Data was analyzed by ANOVA SPSS version 20 and expressed in (Mean ± SEM). The results of serum Aspartate transaminase (AST/SGOT) showed that Guaiacum officinale (treated) group was found highly significant results as compare to control. The Gamma glutamyl transferase (γ- GT) level of treated albino rats with G. officinale for 28 days showed insignificant results were expressed in (Mean± SEM). The results of Alanine transaminase (ALT/SGPT) with compare to control, expressed in (Mean ± SEM) showed that the level of ALT/SGPT in treated albino rats was found insignificant. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of treated group (methanolic extract of Guaiacum officinale) at 500 mg /kg dose for 28 days by oral route. Results were expressed in (Mean±SEM) and compare with control, the treated group was found highly significant. The effect of G. officinale on bilirubin (Direct and indirect) was estimated in male albino Wistar rats, weight 200±20 gms, acclimatized under control conditions, divided in four groups. Treated group treated with (G. officinale) and standard group treated with GLB for 28 days. The results expressed in (Mean ± SEM) showed direct and indirect bilirubin was found insignificant.The effect of Guaiacum officinale was determined at 500 mg / kg dose on total lipids of male albino rats. The animals were treated with bark extract orally for 28 days. The level of cholesterol and triglycerides compare with control group expressed in (Mean ± SEM) was showed that the treated group (G. officinale) group was found to be highly significant. The level of triglycerides of male albino rats by the treatment with bark extract of G. officinale expressed in (Mean±SEM) showed significant results as compare to control.The effect of extract on high density lipoprotein (HDL) of albino rats estimated by ANOVA SPSS , expressed in (Mean± SEM) showed insignificant results with compare to control, while the results of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was showed highly significant and the value of VLDL showed insignificant result with compare to control. The effect of G. officinale at 500mg/kg dose on kidney functions (Urea and Creatinine) in male albino rats. The results were expressed in (Mean ± SEM) by ANOVA. The results of both urea and creatinine were found highly significant with respect to control.In present study, the effect of Guaiacum officinale on electrolytes (Sodium and Potassium) were observed in male albino rats at 500 mg/kg dose orally route for 28 days. Animals (144) were selected, weight 200±20 gms, divided in to four groups. Data expressed in (Mean± SEM) showed serum sodium of G. officinale treated group was found highly significant and serum potassium level was found to be insignificant with compare to control. The histo-pathological effects of Guaiacum officinale on tissues (pancreas, kidney and liver) of male albino rats were observed by H &E staining. The observations through microscopic examination proved that the bark extract of G. officinale showed highly significant with respect to control and supported by biochemical and hematological results. The histological studies of Guaiacum officinale on tissues (pancreas, liver and kidney) of male albino rats by scanning electron microscopy. The observations through electron microscope at different magnification showed that the bark extract of G. officinale protect the vital organs from diabetes and its disasters.
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