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مولانا محمد ابوالقاسم سیفؔ بنارسی

مولانا محمد ابوالقاسم سیف بنارسی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ جماعتِ اہلحدیث کے مشہور و ممتاز عالم اور نامور مناظر مولانا محمد ابوالقاسم صاحب سیف بنارسی نے ۶۱ سال کی عمر میں انتقال کیا، مرحوم کی ساری عمر دین و علومِ دینیہ کی خدمت میں گذری، مدرسہ سعید یہ بنارس میں چالیس سال تک حدیثِ نبوی کا درس دیا، جوان کی سب سے بڑے فضیلت ہے، درس و تدریس کے ساتھ وعظ و تبلیغ اور تالیف و تصنیف کا شغل بھی تھا، لیکن ان کی بیشتر تصانیف مناظرانہ ہیں، آریوں، عیسائیوں اور قادیانیوں سے بڑے معرکہ کے مناظرے کئے، احناف سے بھی اس کی نوبت آجاتی تھی ادھر چند برسوں کے اندران پر فالج کے کئی ہلکے حملے ہوئے جس سے ان کی صحت بگڑ گئی تھی اس کے باوجود ان کے علمی و تعلیمی مشاغل جاری تھے ، کہ گذشتہ ۲۵؍ نومبر کو جمعہ کے دن پھر اچانک حملہ ہوا اور چند گھنٹوں کے اندر قال اللّٰہ وقال الرسول کی یہ آواز ہمیشہ کے لیے خاموش ہوگئی، مرحوم کے انتقال سے ہندوستان کے طبقہ علماء میں ایک ممتاز جگہ خالی ہوگئی، اللّٰھم اغفرہ مغفرۃً واسعۃً۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۴۹ء)

 

FATA’s Merger with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: An Historical Analysis

Nation-building is an evolutionary socio-political process. It not only provides security, dignity and ownership to a community, but also ensures democratic participation of people within the state to claim rights and perform duties. It enables a state to defend its sovereignty, achieve economic goals, and protect national interests at regional and global levels. Since 9/11 incident, terrorism has become a global challenge. To counter this menace Pakistan also aligned and provided land routes to foreign forces to get access to a landlocked Afghanistan. Across the Pak-Afghan border, through the tribal belt known as FATA, terrorism has spilled over Pakistan. The exclusive status of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), in the past seventy years of Pakistan’s history, had deprived fundamental rights to the people of FATA. These tribal areas were governed by a separate law known as Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) made by the British in 1901. This law has proved as the main obstacle in bringing FATA in to the mainstream of Pakistan. After examining the historical and geographical aspects of FATA, the article shows how FATA remained outside the nation-building process in Pakistan. In this connection it seeks to see the position of FATA in the constitutions of Pakistan, including state initiatives to own this western belt and obstacles faced in merging FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). It narrates the events that led to the merger of FATA with the KPK and high lights future challenges as well. It recommends that FATA’s merger would help establish a strong line of defence against terrorism. ______

Genetics of Heat Tolerance, Yield and Other Economic Traits in Gossypium Hirsutum L.

Temperature of the earth is increasing day by day due to global warming. Though Upland cotton is sun loving plant but its production is affected adversely due to increase in temperature not only in Pakistan but also in the whole world. That is why research work related to heat tolerance in cotton is a step forward. Objective of this study was to develop understanding the genetic basis of heat tolerance in upland cotton. The presence and identification of genetic variation for certain traits (plant height, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, boll shedding percentage, gin turn out, fibre length, fibre strength, fibre fineness, number of seeds per boll, seed cotton yield, relative cell injury and chlorophyll contents) is one of the prerequisite to start research work. There are several techniques for the screening of germplasm for heat tolerance. Relative cell injury was used in the present study for the identification of the most heat tolerant and susceptible cotton genotypes i.e. VH-259, VH-142 and DNH-40, VH-282 respectively. The identified genotypes were used for the development of F2, BC1 and BC2 populations for genetic studies of heat tolerance and other agronomic traits. The results revealed that all the traits were controlled by both additive and non-additive type of gene action including epistatic effects. Genetic advance studies showed that F2 population could be used for selection in order to improve plant height, fibre strength, seed cotton yield and relative cell injury percentage. Hybrid breeding could be suggested in number of boll per plant, boll weight, boll shedding percentage, gin turn out, fibre length, fibre fineness, number of seeds per bolls and chlorophyll contents due to low genetic advance and high heritability. Transcriptomic analysis was also done in two heat tolerant genotypes VH-259 and VH-142 by using HSP related genes reported in the database from G. raimondii. The purpose of this experiment was to examine and identify the expression of these genes in G. hirsutum at variable temperature regimes. Certain HSP genes were identified in both genotypes in this experiment. Both these genotypes exhibited different pattern of heat stress tolerance based on differential expression of genes.
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