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قد رت اﷲ شہاب

قدرت اﷲ شہاب
جناب محمد طفیل کی وفات کے کچھ ہی روز بعد جناب قدرت اﷲ شہاب کی رحلت کی خبر ملی، وہ برطانوی حکومت کے زمانہ کے آئی۔سی۔ایس تھے، ۱۹۴۷؁ء کے بعد پاکستان کے بڑے بڑے عہدوں پر مامور رہے، وہ جب پاکستان کے گورنر جنرل جناب غلام محمد صاحب کے سکریٹری تھے، تو پہلی بار ۱۹۵۵؁ء میں ان سے دارالمصنفین کے دفتری کام کے سلسلہ میں ملا، ایک روز گورنر جنرل ہاؤس میں دوپہر کا کھانا ہوا تو وہ بھی شریک ہوئے لیکن خاموش بیٹھے رہے، ان سے کھانا شروع کرنے کے لیے کہا گیا تو بولے آج شعبان کی پندرہویں تاریخ ہے، وہ نفل روزے سے ہیں، ان کی اس مذہبیت کا اثر دستر خوان کے تمام شرکاء پر رہا۔
۱۹۵۵؁ء سے پاکستان کا سفر برابر کرتا رہا، ان سے برابر ملاقاتیں ہوتی رہیں، دارلمصنفین کی مطبوعات کا جب باضابطہ حق طباعت و اشاعت حکومت پاکستان کو دیا جارہا تھا تو انھوں نے اس کی دفتری کاروائی کرنے میں بڑی سہولتیں پہنچائیں جس کے لیے دارلمصنفین ان کا بڑا ممنون ہوا، ان میں سرکاری افسر کی رعونت بالکل نہ تھی، ہر موقع پر بڑے متین، سنجیدہ اور بااخلاق نظر آئے، بولتے بہت کم تھے مگر سنتے سب کی تھے، اور حتیٰ الامکان مدد کیا کرتے تھے، ان کو انگریزی اور اردو لکھنے میں بڑی مہارت تھی، اردو ادب کا بڑا عمدہ مذاق رکھتے تھے لیکن اس کا اظہار اپنی گفتگوؤں میں نہ ہونے دیتے، ادبی حلقوں میں اپنی اردو تحریروں کے لیے مقبول تھے، دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کی نیکیوں، لوگوں کے ساتھ کرم گستریوں اور روز مرہ زندگی میں ان کی خوبیوں کی بدولت ان کو اپنی آغوش عفو و کرم میں لے کروہی جگہ عطا فرمائیں جو نیک بندوں کو اس کی بارگاہ میں ملا کرتی ہے، آمین۔...

Students’ Perceptions About Internet Usage and its Impact on Their Academic Performance

The present study explores students’ perception regarding internet usage and its impact on their academic performance at elementary level in district Peshawar, KP. The study was quantitative in nature. The population includes both (male and female) elementary schools of district Peshawar, KP. Purposive sampling technique was used. The data was collected from (141) students through close-ended questionnaire based on five point Likert’s scale. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed by using MS word, SPSS software and Chi-square. The major conclusions show that both male and female students were having same views about using internet and agree that using internet makes their study more convenient, useful and improve their learning skills. It helps in improving their grades. The study concludes that while using internet, the students are also facing some problems such as shortage of power, affects eyesight and critical thinking and pain in shoulders etc. Some recommendations made by the study were that proper training and guidance may be provided to students for using internet.

Studies on Development of Corrosion Resistant Coatings for Preservation of Marine Installations With Emphasis to Karachi Coastal Area Conditons

Atmospheric corrosion near the coastal areas of Karachi is an active area of research. This research in this thesis aimed at studying Karachi’s coastal area conditions and the development of effective corrosion-resistant coatings. In the first step, atmospheric corrosivity was determined according to the ISO 9223 standard, which is a function of four factors: corrosion rate (rcorr), air salinity and SO2 pollution and time of wetness (TOW). For this purpose, mild steel and electrogalvanized mild steel test coupons were exposed over a period of 24 months from May 2014 to May 2016 at two atmospheric corrosion stations, located in National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and Karachi Port Trust (KPT) along the coastal line of Karachi, Pakistan. Characterization of the corrosion products after one-year and two-year was done by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the corrosion rates of mild steel are high on both sites, but the corrosivity found at NIO is higher (C5) than in KPT (C4). It was also found that by using electrogalvanized mild steel the corrosivity obtained for NIO (C5+) and KPT (C5+) was not in agreement with the corrosivity category (C5) established by using the pollution category and TOW. The second part of this study focused on the development of corrosion-resistant coatings by the incorporation of titanium and aluminum metal powders to an epoxy resin. The film hardness measurement by pencil test, adhesion measurement by the cross hatch and tape test, chemical and heat resistance test, water sorption test, natural exposure and salt spray testing all demonstrated that developed titanium and aluminum metal powder based corrosion resistant coatings were better as compared to the commercially available epoxy coating. Failure analysis of the developed titanium and aluminum metal powder based corrosion resistant coatings was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Gloss measurement for all the coated test coupons was done. It was found that titanium metal powder based epoxy coating was better than aluminum metal powder based and commercially available epoxy coatings. Present research can be extended for the modification of other resins.
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