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مولانا محمد تقی امینی

مولانا محمد تقی امینی
’’آفتاب جوغروب ہوگیا‘‘
تیرہ وتار تھی پہلے ہی یہاں شام حیات
;دامن چرخ سے ایک اورستارہ ٹوٹا
Eکوئی بتلاؤ میری قوم کے معصوموں کو
9کون برباد ہواکس کاسہارا ٹوٹا
Jیہی کوئی دن کے ساڑھے بارہ بجے ہوں گے جب ہمارے ایک دوست نے اطلاع دی کہ مولانا محمدتقی امینی صاحب کاانتقال ہوگیا۔یہ خبر سنتے ہی اولاً توسکتہ کی سی کیفیت ہوگئی۔ کانوں کو جیسے یقین نہ آیا ہو۔ابھی تقریباً ایک گھنٹہ قبل انہوں نے مجھے یاد فرمایا تھا۔ میں حاضر ہواتو دیکھا کہ دھوپ سینک رہے ہیں۔ اورخاصے روبہ صحت معلوم ہورہے ہیں لیکن اب اچانک یہ خبر؟کیاواقعی مولٰینا کا انتقال ہوگیاہے۔کیاسچ مچ مولانا ہم سے جدا ہوگئے ہیں؟ کیایہ سچ ہے کہ مولٰینا نے رخت سفر باندھ لیا ہے اور کوچ کرگئے؟ کیاامت کایہ درشاہوار بے نور ہوگیا؟ کیایہ عظیم المرتبت شخصیت ہمیں داغ مفارقت دے گئی ؟ کیااُمّت کی تقدیر کے آسمان سے ایک اورستارہ شہاب ثاقب ہوگیا؟ ___ہم جلدی سے مولٰینا کے گھر کی طرف لپکے مگردروازے ہی پر جیسے کسی نے قدم پکڑ لیے ہوں۔نالہ وشیون کی آوازیں ایسا ثبوت تھیں کہ ہمیں اس خبر پریقین کرنے کے کے سوا کوئی چارہ نہیں تھا ۔ ؂
چل بسا داغؔ آہ میت اسکی زیب دوش ہے
آخری شاعر جہان آباد کا خاموش ہے
پروفیسر سابق ڈین فکلٹی آف تھیالوجی مولٰینا محمدتقی امینی صاحب کے اُٹھ جانے سے ایک پوری انجمن خالی ہوگئی ہے،وہ ایک شخصیت نہیں بلکہ ایک کارواں تھے۔ وہ ایک آدمی نہیں بلکہ ایک انجمن تھے۔ایک بزم اورایک محفل تھے۔اگران کوآج کے دور میں علماء کاسرخیل کارواں کہاجائے، میں سمجھتاہوں کہ بے جا نہ ہوگا۔ ان کی ذات اپنے آپ میں ایک ادارہ تھی۔وہ علم وحکمت کاچلتا پھرتا خزانہ تھے۔ اُن کے دم سے علی گڑھ میں علم دین کی قندیل روشن تھی،جب کبھی کوئی دینی، فقہی...

The Holy Prophet (Saw) as an Embodiment of Peace: An Analysis of Extracts From the Text of Al-Quran and Sunnah

In view of the geo-politics of the twenty first century where despite the concerted efforts of the international community to maintain peace on the globe, the still is confronted with the wars and its worst consequences. One of the reasons for such unhappy developments is that religion is most of the time considered as war-mongering. This may be somewhat true in case of certain cases; however, the case of Islam is totally different. The very word Islam stands for peace. It was revealed on Prophet Muhammad (SAW) who remained an icon of peace and mercy for the whole Mankind. This paper was an attempt to highlight some of the guiding injunctions of Islam together with the peace-related overtures of the Last Prophet of Allah. The problem under study was to explore, “The Holy Prophet (SAW) as an embodiment of Peace—an analysis of extracts from the text of The Holy Quran and Sunnah”. The objectives were: 1, to highlight some of the commandments of Islam regarding peace; and 2, to pinpoint some of the peace-promoting instances from the life of the Holy Prophet (SAW). The methodology adopted was to highlight some of the peace-promoting text of the Holy Quran coupled with instances from the life of the Holy Prophet (SAW). It was found that Islam stands as religion for peace. The last messenger of Allah was a complete embodiment of peace in His disposition and practice. Hence the very text of the Holy Quran as ell as the life of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) provide some very cherished ideals and norms for the establishment of a peaceful global community.

Studies on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Conocarpus Lancifolius Combretaceae

The research work was carried out for the phytochemical and biological studies of Conocarpus lancifolius (Combretaceae). Collected plant material was subjected for preliminary phytochemical screening and revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins while alkaloids were absent. Dichloromethane and methanol extracts were prepared and screened for antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, brine-shrimp toxicity, phytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, α-chymotrypsin inhibitory activity, urease inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Dichloromethane extract of Conocarpus lancifolius exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with a percentage inhibition of 42.06±0.64 mg/ml, while the percentage inhibition of methanol extract by DPPH method was 92.1± 0.1 with 396.205 IC50 value, percentage inhibition by nitric oxide scavenging activity was 93.35± 0.61 and percentage inhibition by ferric reducing antioxidant power method was 93.2± 1.02. Dichloromethane extract of Conocarpus lancifolius showed significant α- chymotrypsin inhibition activity with percentage inhibition of 92.20 ± 1.82 and 91.17 ± 0.82 μg/ml IC50 value. Both the extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius exhibited significant lipoxygenase inhibition activity with percentage inhibition of 65.97 ± 0.55 and 63.89 ± 0.02 with IC50 value 158.61 ± 0.08 and 186.31±0.04 respectively. Methanol extract of Conocarpus lancifolius showed significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity with percentage inhibition of 87.48 ± 0.09 with 71.21 ± 0.11 IC50 value. Dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius have promising butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity with percentage inhibition of 89.52±0.39 at 0.5 mg/ml and 89.06±0.89 with IC50 values 55.25±0.07 and 52.31± 0.11 respectively. Methanol extract of Conocarpus lancifolius was found toxic with LD50 value of 115.76 (0.0048 - 13.76) μg/ml against Artemia salina. Methanol extract of Conocarpus lancifolius exhibited a significant antiurease activity having percentage inhibition value 81.1±1.82 with 49.1± 1.31 IC50 value. Dichloromethane extract of Conocarpus lancifolius showed carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity with 56.7 2.44 IC50 values using acetazolamide as standard. The aqueous ethanol extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius relaxed the spontaneous contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations in dose dependant manner at 0.01- 3 mg/ml tissue bath concentrations. However aqueous ethanol extract of Conocarpus lancifolius relaxed K+ (80 mM) induced contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum 3 preparation and also relaxed carbachol (1μM) induced contraction in isolated rabbit tracheal preparations in dose dependant manner (0.1-3 mg/ml). It is to be reported that the observed response is likely to be mediated through either anti muscuranic activity or/ and blockade of voltage dependant Ca+2 channels. The aqueous ethanol extract of roots of Conocarpus lancifolius have shown a significant relaxant effect in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations with an EC50 value of 0.2075 mg/ml (95% CI: 0.0478- 0.9007). Methanol extract of Conocarpus lancifolius showed a significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an inhibition (%) value of 79.56 and 5.59±0.06μg/ml IC50 value at even very low concentration of 0.0039 mg/ml. Acarbose which exhibit 92.23 % inhibition and 38.25 μg/ml IC50 value was used as standard. On the basis of in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vivo study was also carried out on rabbits. Methanol extract of Conocarpus lancifolius significantly decreases the blood glucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. The pharmaceutical industry is facing serious challenges for drug discovery process. The available drugs for various diseases are extremely expensive, riskier, and critically inefficient. Keeping in view these facts isolation of compounds from dichloromethane and methanol extracts was carried out and seven compounds Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (A), S-4-isopropyl-8-methoxy-6-thia-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-1- en-2-yl benzothioate (B), 2,3,4,8,9,10,11,13-octahydro-1H-phenanthro[3,2-c]oxocin- 3-yl benzoatem (C), 1,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydroxy-3,4,5,5a-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[g] isochromene-5-carboxylic acid (D),1-amino-1,5,7,8-tetramethoxy-1Hcyclopenta[ a]naphthalene-2-carboxamide (E), 2,3,8 tri-O-methyl ellagic acid (F), 3- O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O- β -D glucopyranoside (G) were isolated. The chemical structures of isolated compounds (A-G) were established with the help of spectroscopic techniques such as ultraviolet-visible, infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), 13C NMR (BB, DEPT-135, 90), two dimensional correlation techniques (COSY, HSQC) and mass spectrometry. All compounds were isolated first time from genus conocarpus. The compounds S-4- isopropyl-8-methoxy-6-thia-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-1-en-2-yl benzothioate (B), 2,3,4,8,9,10,11,13-octahydro-1H-phenanthro[3,2-c]oxocin-3-yl benzoate (C) and 1-amino-1,5,7,8-tetramethoxy-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene-2-carboxamide (E) not only isolated for the first time from genus conocarpus but have noval structures. The S-4-isopropyl-8-methoxy-6-thia-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-1-en-2-yl benzothioate compound 4 (B) was subjected to antimicrobial activity test against the clinical microbes to determine its biological activities. The zone of inhibition was observed to be between 20 to 24 mm with Bacillus Subtilis having the largest zone of inhibition of 24 ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined. It was found that the MFC was higher than that of standard drug Fluconazole. All compounds were screened for antioxidant, in vitro α- glucosidase inhibitory activity, acetylchohline esterase inhibitory activity, and butyl cholinesterase and urease inhibitory activity. F and G compound showed antioxidant activity which is significant when calculated by DPPH method having percentage inhibition of 83.68±0.18 and 68.43±0.17 at 0.5 mM. A, B, C, D and E compounds represented a moderate antioxidant activity by DPPH method having percentage inhibition 42.14±0.13, 16.23±0.15, 16.55±0.13, 17.15±0.16 and 13.36±0.17. Acetylchohline esterase inhibitory activity of compound C and D has significant values 71.62±0.16 and 65.91±0.17. Compounds A-G has exhibited a little percentage inhibition activity of butyl cholinesterase. C, F and G compounds have significant α- glucosidase inhibition with percentage inhibition of 92.83±0.18, 72.26±0.18 and 92.58±0.2. B compound showed a little percentage inhibition of 64.25±0.24. A, D and E compounds have little activity with percent inhibitory values of 17.74±0.17, 42.24±0.16 and 32.64±0.14. Acarbose was taken as standard drug. G compound has shown significant urease inhibitory activity with percentage inhibition 66.54±0.26. A, B, C, D, E and F compounds have little percentage inhibition of 45.91±0.15, 48.85±0.16, 39.75±0.14, 35.96±0.15, 38.64±0.12 and 40.79±0.14m respectively.
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