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معاشرتی رویوں کا شعری اظہار

معاشرتی رویوں کا شعری اظہار

تائب نظامی کا بچپن ہی سے حجرۂ صابری سے تعلق ہے۔ بنابریں میں ان کو اور ان کی شاعری کے مزاج کو بخوبی سمجھتا ہوں۔ ان کے عجز نے ان کی شخصیت اور سہل ممتنع میں شاعری نے ان کو ممتاز شعرا کی صف میں کھڑا کر دیا ہے۔
ان کی شاعری میں غمِ جاناں کے ساتھ ساتھ غمِ دوراں کا بھی بھرپور تذکرہ موجود ہے۔ خارجی اور داخلی جذبات و احساسات کو بھی بڑے خوب صورت انداز میں موضوعِ سخن بنایا گیا ہے۔
ایک شاعر کو معاشرے کے جن رویوں کا علم ہونا چاہیے اُن رویوں کا تائب نظامی کو بدرجہ احسن ادراک ہے۔ دعا گو ہوں کہ ان کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’صبحِ قفس‘‘ مقبولِ خواص و عوام ہو۔ نمونے کے طور پر ان کا ایک شعر ملاحظہ ہو:
ہر صبح مری صبح قفس جیسی ہے تائب
ہر شام مری شامِ غریباں کی طرح

دیوان تنویر نوازش صابری
حجرہ صابری
تاندلیا نوالہ

Geopolitical Dynamics: Syria's Diplomatic En-deavors in a Complex Region

 In order to prevent tensions, promote economic cooperation, and obstruct regional integration, the document emphasizes the importance of territorial and economic disputes within the Syria Territory. It highlights how diplomacy plays a key role in reaching agreements and resolving these conflicts. Regarding Syria's position regarding Israel, diplomatic endeavors are essential for resolving more general geopolitical issues. Syria's strategic location makes it a key player in trade routes, and diplomatic initiatives are aimed at ensuring economic benefits and regional stability. Syria's diplomatic landscape is further shaped by Russian support, which offers political backing in international negotiations. The Geneva Conference, Astana, and Sochi processes are important platforms for tackling the complex issues at hand, bringing together regional and international players to identify all-encompassing solutions. Overall, the document elucidates how diplomacy not only addresses territorial and economic concerns within Syria but also navigates the complexities of the broader geopolitical context, such as Syria's role in the Arab-Israeli conflict and its economic aspirations linked to trade routes. It highlights various diplomatic initiatives that can promote stability, prosperity, and mutual benefits while also fostering regional integration. Policymakers who want to use diplomatic means to advance peace and stability in this region will find this information useful. Keywords: Syria, Diplomacy, Geneva, Astana, and Sochi.

Impact of Deep Versus Awake Laryngeal Mask Airway Removal on Airway Complications in Spontaneously Breathing Adult Patients Following Isoflurane General Anesthesia.

Background: The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is one of several supra-glottic airway management devices used in anaesthesia. The scope of use of the LMA is progressively expanding to areas previously contraindicated, for instance laparoscopy and prone position surgery. Certain aspects of LMA use remain unsettled. Whether to remove the LMA when a patient is “awake” vs “deep” following anaesthesia is one such area. The manufacturer Ambu® recommends that the AuraOnce™ LMA be removed once the patient is fully awake and protective airway reflexes are active. Despite this, several studies have shown benefit in removal of the LMA while a patient is “deep” (anaesthetized). Current evidence is inconclusive as to which approach is preferable and safer in adults. Primary Objective: To compare the impact of having LMA removal deep versus awake on the occurrence of airway complications following general anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing adult patients using Isoflurane as the sole volatile agent. Secondary Objective: To compare the impact of deep versus awake LMA removal on anaesthesia theatre turn-around time. Primary outcome measure(s): Airway complication(s), defined as; one or more of the following; Airway obstruction requiring airway manipulation; Laryngospasm; Desaturation to 90% or less on pulse oximetry. Secondary outcome measure(s): Time to theatre exit Study Setting: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Study Design: A prospective randomized control trial (open). Sample size: A sample size of 116 participants, 58 in each arm. Study population: ASA I and II patients aged 18-65 years scheduled for theatre for low to moderate risk, non-emergent surgery. Procedure: 116 adult patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. A standard anaesthesia protocol was used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. For the deep arm; The LMA was removed at the end of surgery after attaining an end tidal minimum alveolar concentration of Isoflurane of 1.15%. Occurrence of airway complication(s) (One or more of the following; Airway obstruction requiring airway manipulation; Laryngospasm; Desaturation to 90% or less on pulse oximetry) was noted until the subject was fully awake (appropriate response to command) in the post anaesthesia care unit. For the awake arm; The LMA was removed on attaining an end tidal minimum alveolar concentration of Isoflurane of <0.5% and an appropriate response to command or obtaining appropriate response to command irrespective of end tidal concentration. Occurrence of airway complication(s) (One or more of the following; Airway obstruction requiring airway manipulation; Laryngospasm; Desaturation to 90% or less
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