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بہادر لوگ اورنگزیب ظفر خان

بہادر لوگ

4اپریل1979ء کو لیاقت باغ راولپنڈی میں چئیر مین بھٹو شہید کی غائبانہ نمازِ جنازہ میں شامل ہو نے والے یہ لوگ ان بہادر لوگوں میں شامل تھے جنہوں نے پھانسی کے بعد مارشل لاء کے ڈر ،دہشت اور خوف کے باوجودلیاقت باغ کے ارد گرد پولیس اور فوج کے حصار کو توڑا اور بندوقوں کے سائے تلے چئیرمین بھٹو شہید کی نمازِ جنازہ ادا کی ۔سلام ہے ان بہادروں کے قبیلے سے تعلق رکھنے والوں کو، ان میں سے جو لوگ زندہ ہیں وہ کسی بھی تمغہ شجاعت کے حقدار ہیں ۔میری حالت ایسی تھی کہ اس مجمع میں شامل ہو نے کے باوجود مجھے نہیں پتہ کہ کب صفیں باندھی گئیں اور کب جنازہ ختم ہو ا۔میرا دماغ شل تھا ۔ذہن جیسے کام کرنا چھوڑ گیا تھا ۔میرے پاس کوئی ٹینک توپ نہیں تھا کہ جنرل ضیاء الحق کے گھر آرمی ہائوس پر چڑھ دوڑتا خود بھی مر جاتا اور سب کو جلا کر خاک کر دیتا ۔بی بی سی نے رات کو خبر دی تھی کہ کل صبح لیاقت باغ چئیر مین بھٹو کی نمازِ جنازہ ادا کی جائے گی ۔میں جو پوری رات سو نہ سکا تھا ۔چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کی رہائی کی تحریک میں بھر پور شر کت کے باوجود ہم اپنے لیڈر کو بچا نہ سکے ۔جب راولپنڈی کے کمیٹی چوک میں کار کن اپنے آ پ پر پٹرول چھڑک کر آگ لگاتے مجھے افسوس ہوتا کہ کاش یہ اپنے آپ کو آگ لگانے کے بجائے سپریم کورٹ اور اور آرمی چیف کے گھر کو آگ لگائیں ۔لیکن کیا کرتے نہتے کار کن اپنے قائد کو چھڑا نہیںسکتے تھے ۔پھانسی لگتا ہوا دیکھ نہیں سکتے تھے ۔خود سوزیاں کر کے اپنی جان اپنے قائد پر نچھاور کر دیتے یا بھٹو کو رہا کرو جیوے جیوے...

Welcome to the inaugural Issue of Pakistan BioMedical Journal

Firstly, I would like to welcome all the readers, authors, editorial team and management of Pakistan Biomedical Journal (PBMJ) to this new journal in Biomedical Sciences. It is an intenational peer-reviewed, open-access journal that merges the basic and clinical research for the better outcome in terms of diagnosis and therapeutics. This approach will update and upgrade the existing knowledge among the researchers and clinicians, regarding the patient care and practice as well as understanding of underlying mechanisms of diseases. The ultimate beneficiary is patient and community as a whole. PBMJ is led by an outstanding Editorial Board comprising of national and international members with multidisciplinary research background. Our goal is to promote the basic and clinical research, health and disease perspectives. We receive original studies, review articles, case reports, systemetic reviews on medical, biomedical, basic and therapeutic research. We welcome scientific contributions from all over the world. It is the need and demand of the recent world scenario to focus on biomedical research. In the current world, basic and medical science cannot be considered as two separate and independent entities. There should be coherent efforts to unveil the basic understandings of pathologies at physiological, cellular and molecular level. Furthermore, the therapeutic strategies should also be explored on regional and global levels, by keeping in mind the different genetic makeups and considering the individual identities. It leads to the field of ‘personalized medicine’. There are many other recent therapeutic regimens such as regenerative medicine, exosomes, gene silencing and gene editing technologies. The world has also advanced in diagnostic modalities. Much focus has been emphasized on rapidness, accuracy and cost-effectiveness of these techniques. Imaging, scanning, histopathological, biochemical and hematological techniques have been much advanced than before. World has been changing rapidly in medical profession. Hence, it is important to be aware of these advancements worldwide and also to share the health related researches at local level. We hope this new journal will be a good addition in this perspective of sharing the recent knowledge, advancements and create awareness among masses.

Studies on Induction of Systemic Resistance in Rose by Pseudomonas and Bacillus Strains Against Diplocarpon Rosae

The innate plant resistance is an efficient and eco-friendly tool to avoid diseases of agricultural crops. However most of the commercial cultivars are susceptible to different diseases at different susceptibility level. Fungicides are usually the only option that farmers use against these pathogens. These fungicides are hazardous for our environment and human health as these toxify food commodities and ground water reserves. Moreover, pesticides can never be the best option to manage the disease due to their extensive toxicity and minuscule degradability. The innate resistance may be elevated by applying nonpathogenic microbial inducers; thus, termed as induced systemic resistance (ISR). The native rhizospheric bacterial inducers may manage disease by inducing systemic resistance in plants. The similar measure has been adopted to manage black spot disease in rose plants by using Pseudomonas fluorescens RB4 and Bacillus subtilis RB11 as biological inducers. § In the first phase of study, surveys were performed to assess disease attributes of black spot disease of rose caused by Diplocarpon rosae. During this survey, 120 pathogenic isolates of D. rosae were collected. After infecting healthy rose plants with isolates of D. rosae, most virulent strain D. rosae DR19 was selected for further experimentations. § During greenhouse studies, different rhizospheric strains of bacillus and pseudomonas, isolated from rhizosphere of healthy rose plants, were screened for induction of systemic resistance in rose plants against black spot disease. These isolated bacterial strains were interacted with rose plants in the presence of black spot pathogen. Here two strains, viz: P. fluorescens RB4 and B. subtilis RB11 provided most significant reduction in disease index. § Both of these strains induced significant higher amounts of defense related biochemicals including total phenolics, ascorbic acid and some defense related enzymes involved in phenylpropenoid pathway. Moreover, these strains were capable to enhance quantity of defense related physical barriers in plants such as lignin, pectin and cellulose as compared to control plants. § In another independent experiment, effect of P. fluorescens RB4 and Bacillus subtilis RB11 was assessed on nutrient contents and growth attributes of rose plants. These strains significantly enhanced nutrient contents including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe in treated plants. Along with that, growth of rose plants was significantly improved under influence of these bacterial strains. § In next phase of study, different carrier materials such as sugarcane press mud, bentonite, sand, rock phosphate and perlite were used to prepare formulations of best performing bacterial strains. Sugarcane press mud showed maximum viability of bacterial strains after prolonged storage at room temperature followed by ‘bentonite’. Sugarcane press mud based bacterial formulations supported disease managing potential of P. fluorescens RB4 and B. subtilis RB11, and reduced disease index up to 59 and 76% respectively in both season field experiments. This formulation also significantly improved agro economic traits of rose plants. § In last phase of study, potential ISR elicitor present in bacterial inducer was isolated and identified. For this purpose, Column Chromatography and GC/MS techniques were used to analyze metabolites of B. subtilis RB11 for identification of bioactive compound responsible for resistance induction and disease management. It was found that octadecane was the bioactive compound inducing resistance in rose plants against D. rosae. It was also observed that the isolation of octadecane present in B. subtilis RB11 metabolites was directly correlated with the concentration of ethyl acetate in extraction solvent. § To assess the significance of the results obtained during various experiments data was subjected to a number of statistical analyses. These analyses include analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). From present research it is concluded that P. fluorescens RB4 and B. subtilis RB11, may be successfully used to manage black spot disease of roses caused by D. rosae. These bacterial strains are capable to enhance innate resistance of rose plants along with growth promotion. Moreover, octadecane synthesized by B. subtilis RB11 may be isolated and applied to rose plants as antifungal compound against D. rosae.
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