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مولوی حافظ محمود خاں بھوپالی

مولوی حافظ محمود خاں بھوپالی
یہ سطریں زیر تحریر ہی تھیں کہ دارالعلوم تاج المساجد کے استاد مولوی عبدالسبحان صاحب تشریف لائے، ان سے یہ معلوم کر کے سخت صدمہ ہوا کہ مولانا حافظ محمد نعمان خاں کے صاحبزادے اور مولانا حافظ محمد عمران خاں کے بھتیجے حافظ محمود خاں بھوپالی نے ۲۰؍ رمضان لمبارک کو داعیِ اجل کو لبیک کہا وہ ہمارے سابق رفیق مولوی حافظ محمد منصور نعمانی مرحوم کے حقیقی بھائی تھے، پہلے دارالعلوم کے کتب خانہ کے ناظر تھے اب اس کے نائب مہتمم اور ڈاکٹر محمد حسان خاں امیر دارالعلوم کے خاص دست و بازو ہوگئے تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے اور مولانا نعمان صاحب اور دوسرے اعزہ کو صبر جمیل عطا کرے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، فروری ۱۹۹۸ء)

 

شاہ ولی اللہ کی قرآنی خدمات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Hazrat Shah Waliullah (R.A), a well-known scholar, was born in Delhion the 21st of February, 1703 A.D. He rendered many religious, political, economic and social services to The Muslims of India. In many of his services, the greatest one is that he translated The Holy Quran into Persian becausemany people were unfamiliar with Arabic. Later his sons, Shah Abdul Qaderand Shah Rafi-ud-Din, translated The Holy Quran into Urdu so more and morepeople could gain Islamic knowledge. He elaborated The Quranic sciences indifferent aspects and the research in your hand is also about his “QuranicServices”. He wrote fifty one books in Persian and Arabic. Amongst the mostfamous were Hujjatulla-hil-Baligha and Izala-tul-khifa. He died on 20th ofAugust, 1762 A.D in Delhi, India.

Determination of Sample Size and Comparison of Estimation Methods in Multilevel Models

The main purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sample size on multilevel model estimates and their standard errors under different methods of estimations. Three different studies were designed to achieve the objectives of the study. In study 1, two level binary logistic random intercept and random slope regression model was used. The performance of two estimation methods was observed under varying conditions of the design factors i.e the number of groups, group sizes and intraclass correlation (ICC). Maximum Likelihood (ML) with adaptive quadrature and Penalized Quasi-likelihood (PQL) methods of estimation were used in study 1. Similarly, three categories and five categories two level ordinal logistic random intercept and random slope regression models were used in study 2. The performance of ML and PQL methods of estimation was observed under varying conditions of the design factors i.e., the number of groups, group sizes, ICC and distribution of category responses. Moreover, a two level random intercept and random slope linear regression model was used in study 3. The performance of Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method (REML) and Bootstrap by means of Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimators (MINQUE) was observed under varying conditions of the design factors. In all the three studies relative parameter bias and 95% confidence interval coverage rates were used to assess accuracy and precision of estimates and their standard errors. Further, empirical power rates were also computed in study 1 and study 2.
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