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حدود کی تعداد

حدود کی تعداد
جرائم حدود کی تعداد کے سلسلے میں اہل علم میں اختلاف پایا جاتا ہے۔ ابن حجر عسقلانی کے نزدیک
" جَمْعُ حَدٍّ وَالْمَذْكُورُ فِيهِ هُنَا حَدُّ الزِّنَا وَالْخَمْرِ وَالسَّرِقَةِ وَقَدْ حَصَرَ بَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ مَا قِيلَ بِوُجُوبِ الْحَدِّ بِهِ فِي سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَيْئًا فَمِنَ الْمُتَّفَقِ عَلَيْهِ الرِّدَّةُ وَالْحِرَابَةُ مَا لَمْ يَتُبْ قَبْلَ الْقُدْرَةِ وَالزِّنَا وَالْقَذْفُ بِهِ وَشُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ سَوَاءٌ أَسَكِرَ أَمْ لَا وَالسَّرِقَةُ وَمِنَ الْمُخْتَلَفِ فِيهِ جَحْدُ الْعَارِيَةِ وَشُرْبُ مَا يُسْكِرُ كَثِيرُهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْقَذْفُ بِغَيْرِ الزِّنَا وَالتَّعْرِيضُ بِالْقَذْفِ وَاللِّوَاطُ وَلَوْ بِمَنْ يَحِلُّ لَهُ نِكَاحُهَا وَإِتْيَانُ الْبَهِيمَةِ وَالسِّحَاقُ وَتَمْكِينُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْقِرْدَ وَغَيْرَهُ مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ مِنْ وَطْئِهَا وَالسِّحْرُ وَترك الصَّلَاة تكاسلا وَالْفطر فِي رَمَضَان وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ خَارِجٌ عَمَّا تُشْرَعُ فِيهِ الْمُقَاتَلَةُ كَمَا لَوْ تَرَكَ قَوْمٌ الزَّكَاةَ وَنَصَبُوا لِذَلِكَ الْحَرْبَ "64
"ابن حجر عسقلانی نے سترہ جرائم کو حدود میں شامل کیا ہے اور گیارہ جرائم کے متعلق اتفاق ظاہر کیا ہے کہ یہ حدود میں شامل ہیں جو کہ مند رجہ ذیل ہیں ۔ زنا ، قذف ، سرقہ ، بغاوت، شراب نوشی، ارتداد ، حرابہ، ترک صلوٰۃ ، ترک صوم، سحر اور وطی بہائم۔ "
علامہ کاسانی ؒکے مطابق حدود کی تعداد پانچ ہے، جو کہ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں:
"الْحُدُودُ خَمْسَةُ أَنْوَاعٍ حَدُّ السَّرِقَةِ وَحَدُّ الزِّنَا وَحَدُّ الشُّرْبِ وَحَدُّ السُّكْرِ وَحَدُّ الْقَذْفِ۔ "65
ابن قدامہ ؒ حدود کی تعداد سات کا ذکر کرتے ہوئے لکھتے ہیں
"الْحُدُودُ سبعۃأَنْوَاعٍ حَدُّ السَّرِقَةِ وَحَدُّ الزِّنَا وَحَدُّ الشُّرْبِ وَحَدُّ الْقَذْفِوَحَدُّ الحرابۃ وحد الردۃ وحد بغی۔ "66
عبدالقادر عودہ شہید ؒکے بقول حدود کی تعداد سات ہے ، جو کہ یہ ہیں:
"جرائم الحدود معینۃ ومحددۃ العدد وھی سبع جرائم حَدُّ الزِّنَا وَحَدُّ السُّكْرِ وَحَدُّ الْقَذْفِ حَدُّ السَّرِقَةِوَحَدُّ الحرابۃ وحد ارتداد وحد بغی "67
جسٹس تنزیل الرحمن کے مطابق حدود اللہ کی تعداد چھ ہے
"حَدُّ الزِّنَا وَحَدُّ الْقَذْفِ وَحَدُّ الشُّرْبِ حَدُّ السَّرِقَةِ وَحَدُّ الحرابۃوحد الردۃ۔...

Critical Study of Moral Teachings of Islam and Buddhism for Promotion of Global Peace

All ancient and contemporary religions of the world like Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Jainism and Islam emphasizes and attempts to uphold the highest moral and ethical values in human society in order to produce discipline and good will. Some of the religions strictly command for proper observance and submission to the laws and cannons", whereas the other religions do not stipulate strict allegiance to its principals, yet they nourish and treat human emotions and direct them for the general good of the society. On the whole, all religions aim at moral and ethical uplift of human beings, to install positivity in them and imbues the spirit of sacrifice, equality, affection, brotherhood and justice in mankind. Thus, these all facts testify that all religions, with some differences of pattern, propagate the message of love, Peace, equality, brotherhood, justice, Harmony and equity in the material age and greed-ridden epoch where individual profits and benefit overwhelm collective cause and general welfare of mankind. What we have done here in this paper is not to establish that one religion is better than the other but to demonstrate that almost all world religions stand for love, peace and harmony. There is no doubt, that all religions preach and advocate positive harmony among human beings but the message of Holy Prophet (SAW) is the only example who gave practical aspect of these theories. However, this paper elaborates this reality by a detailed comparison of Islam and Buddhism.

The Effect of Online Reviews on Consumers? Purchase Intentions

Consumers require the product information, comparisons & evaluations before/after buy-ing/using products and now a day, normally, they use the digital sources more for getting these information and data. Online views/reviews are the important drivers of this information. Andthere are lot of online reviews shared digitally at various portals like at social networks, company webs and pages, blogs, rating notes etc., about products based on experience, perceptions, knowledge & information, sometime preplanned, by consumers and sellers himself which has a great impact on existing and new prospect consumers as well. In this study, the focus is on some insights of online reviews whether positive or negative and their relationship with consumers? purchase intentions in respect of their levels/dimensions (high and low) of these online reviews that how the high and low densities of online reviews (positive & negative) may affect the future purchase intentions of consumers in mobile phone markets. It aware the marketers about the expected intentions of their customers and whether the positive and negative online reviews have same impact or different, whether high and low levels of these positive and negative online reviews generate the effects in same direction or in opposite. So aspects and roles of online reviews to change consumer behaviors about products are focused. This is a good contribution for marketers to know about consumer behaviors. The quantitative research is used in this study, positivistic or deductive reasoning approach is applied. Explanatory research is, to show the relationship of online reviews on consumers? purchase intentions and primary data is collected through a close ended questionnaire for mobiles/smart phone products. Convenient sampling technique (non-probability) is applied to make survey. Data is interpreted after processing and getting results. It is the contribution for the marketing industry to know about the online reviews? effects on after use behaviors (existing consumers? behaviors) and new prospect consumers? behaviors. Normally unsatisfied consumers abstain to rebuy the same product and try to search and evaluate another one or substitute of that. So marketer should also know about these aspects of online reviews.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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