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۵۹۔ بابو
بابو٭
بابو!کس دیس چلا گیا تو
تیرے بعد اداس ہے بام کُو
نجانے کن پردوں کے پیچھے جا چھپا
کن ان دیکھی دیواروں کے پار اتر گیا
میری صدائیں ٹکڑا کر واپس پلٹ آتی ہیں
مگر تو نہیں آتا
کبھی دیوار سے جھانک تو سہی
تیرے بنا ہر پل ،ہر گھڑی
سرو و سمن اور کلی
چاند اور چاندنی سب اداس ہیں
A Study of Socio-Economic Problems Faced by Labors in Brick Kiln: A Case Study of District Hyderabad (Rural)
The present study investigates the socio-economic problems of the labors in Brick Kilns which are situated in the vicinities of district Hyderabad (Rural). Eighty three respondents from twenty five brick kilns were selected for interview. It is found that majority of the respondents was illiterate and never visited educational, technical and religious institutions. The economic categorization of the labors revealed that majority was categorized as ‘poorest of poor’ (living below poverty line), having semi-pacca houses, earning less than 10,000 rupees per month to manage their entire family. Due to very low income they spent least amount on education and health while more on food and utilities. The general problems reported by the labors are: poor quality of drinking water, no shelter at work place, child labor, low and late payment of wages, long working hours etc. Besides these, both male and female labors informed about misbehave and use of abusive language by the owner/manager, even few of them also complained about physical abuse. Stomach problem was found as common disease in men followed by Anemia whereas in women Anemia was ranked first followed by Backache.Integrated Effect of Chemical Adocument Deficienciesitives and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Fresh-Cut Papaya Carica Papaya
Current study was conducted in two phases to estimate the effectiveness of different concentrations of calcium lactate, citric acid and ascorbic acid alone (Phase-1) and in integration of modified atmosphere packaging (Phase-II) on the quality and shelf life of fresh-cut papaya cubes. In 1st phase papaya cubes were treated with different concentrations of calcium lactate .citric acid, ascorbic acid at 4oC±2oC and analyzed for different physiochemical characteristics (firmness, color, weight loss, TSS, pH, acidity and organoleptic characteristics) at each four days interval to choose the most effective combination of various concentration. Whereas, in the 2nd phase, best performing concentrations of various additives in 1st phase packed in two different packagings (air packaging and MAP) and analyzed for various physiochemical characteristics (firmness, color, weight loss, pH, acidity, TSS, calcium, Poly phenol oxidase activity, ascorbic acid, total plate count and sensorial attributes) after each four days interval to find out the most effective treatment in extending the self-life of fresh-cut papaya cubes. As a result, in first phase, 2.4% calcium lactate combined with 1.7% citric acid and 2.4% calcium lactate combined with 1.7% ascorbic acid maintained firmness, delayed color degradation and maintained the other characteristics of papaya cubes for longer shelf life. However, in the second phase, 2.4% calcium lactate and 1.7% citric acid integrated with modified atmosphere packaging ( CO2 10%, O2 5%, N2 80%) exhibited the best results to delay color degradation and maintained sensory properties throughout the storage period (24 days) at 4 ±2oCJournals by Discipline
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