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حمدیہ

اے خالقِ حقیقی ہویدا ہے تیرا نام
وردِ زباں ہے تو کہ جلیسا ہے تیرا نام
زخموں کا اندمال ہے ایسا ہے تیرا نام
یعنی مداوا رنج و الم کا ہے تیرا نام
واحد ہے، لاشریک ہے، یکتا ہے صرف تو
تیرے سوا نہیں کوئی مولا ہے صرف تو

یکتا صفات و ذات میں تو اور صرف تو
پختہ ہر ایک بات میں تو اور صرف تو
رہتا ہے دن میں، رات میں تو اور صرف تو
بچتا ہے کیا ثبات میں؟ تو اور صرف تو
بس تو ہی لم یزل بھی ہے اور لا یزال بھی
تیری مثال کیا ہو کہ ہے بے مثال بھی

بخشا ہے تو نے ہی مجھے ایقانِ حسنِ ذوق
تیری ولا سے پایا ہے عرفانِ حسنِ ذوق
تیری عطا نے بخشا ہے ایمانِ حسنِ ذوق
تیرا ہے یعنی سب سروسامانِ حسنِ ذوق
تو نے کیا ہے ذہن کو بیدار اے خدا
اس پہ کرم کہ کر دیا سرشار اے خدا

Social Welfare in the Religions of Subcontinent a Critical Study

Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism are among the major religions of Sub-continent. The present study highlights the fact that public welfare is preached by all of these religions. Giving alms for the sake of public welfare is an important part of various Hindu religious practices. The role of latest reformist movements is also worth mentioning along with the Hindu literature related with social well-being. Arya Sam฀j movement did many activities for the welfare of people. The founder of Buddhism made efforts for the betterment of mankind and used his religion and teachings to propagate public welfare. Buddhism rejected the caste system and played an important and effective role to minimize the sufferings of affected community. In this regard Islam rises to the highest pedestal as the topic of Holy Quran is Man. It focuses not only on the worldly success of man but also his success in the hereafter. Islam has gone a step ahead than other religions as the activities of public welfare are considered worship in it. The rights of human beings are given great importance and they are given no less importance than rights of Allah. Moreover, the Holy Prophet (S. A. W) took noteworthy steps for the welfare of whole mankind without any discrimination and these are highlighted in this paper. Islam also gives lineaments of the methods and modes of public welfare and goes beyond the other Semitic and non-Semitic religions in this regard. This paper explores and highlights the measures taken by the mentioned religions in a comparative manner and also proves that Islamic concept of social welfare is not only limited to human beings but it also enfolds other living beings and even plants. Islam provides a complete road map of public welfare. Islamic society not only progresses financially but it also focuses on spiritual, ideological and social progress. The aim of social welfare cannot be achieved unless equilibrium is maintained between rights and duties. Islam not only stresses on the rights of the weak but also safeguards the rights of the rich.

Military Intervention in Post-Hegemonic International System

Uncontested US supremacy established with the dissolution of Soviet Union in 1991 is fast drawing to a close. Impending power transition in the global hierarchy has triggered post-hegemonic phase in the international system. This transition of power in the global order has marginalized US military interventionist policy. The “rise of China” along with alternate power centers has considerably constrained US clout to obtain “desired outcomes.” These systemic changes apart from inducing drift away from US led and controlled patterns of interaction and exercise of influence, have altered shape of the existing international system and brought additional actors with increasing sway on political outcomes. Besides, the drift towards post-hegemony send strong signals to local / regional hierarchies where “challengers” try to take advantage of the vulnerability prevailing in the global hierarchy. Such regions with significant changes in regional structure and hierarchy give rise to great power intervention dynamics made possible through conflict, instability and erosion of traditional structures of power. One such region is MENA (Middle East and North Africa) after the unprecedented Arab Spring upheavals, where a clear de-link from previous US hegemonic practices could be observed. These regional hierarchies with diffused power structures are significant in establishing the link between global and regional hierarchies in post-hegemony, explored in the study through extension of Power Transition Theory research program. The arrival of post-hegemony also alters military intervention behavior of the declining hegemon that has to rely on “securitization of threat” through “political discourse” as enunciated through case studies of Libya and Syria by employing Securitization Theory and Discourse Analysis Approach. The study seeks to substantiate not only the dawn of post-hegemonic phase in the international system but validate “threat securitization military intervention model” developed within the study to explore the link between MENA and global power hierarchy in transition, and significance of discursive construction of “threat” for foreign direct military intervention The rise of peer challengers, US “back-seat role” in Libya and its incoherent and inconsistent foreign policy approach towards Syria has exposed US limitation to influence and direct events on the international stage, increasingly frustrating acquisition and implementation of US policy goals in key regions like MENA. The study affirms that power transition in the global order has introduced post-hegemonic system that has marginalized US unilateral interventionist policy on the use of force.
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