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ایرج افشار

جناب ایرج افشار کی رحلت
(رئیس احمد نعمانی)
پوسٹ بکس نمبر ۱۱۴،
علی گڑھ (ہند) ۲۰۲۰۰۱۔
برادر گرامی مراتب زید مناصبکم، السلام علیکم و رحمۃ اﷲ و برکاتہ!
۳؍ مارچ ۲۰۱۱؁ء کو ایران کے معروف اسکالر اور پبلشر جناب ایرج افشار دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے، ایک مخلص کی اطلاع اور فرمائش پر یہ قطعۂ تاریخ لکھا ہے، امید ہے اس کو ’’معارف‘‘ میں جگہ دینے کی زحمت فرمائیں گے۔
جویائے خیر
رئیس احمد نعمانی
تاریخ در گذشت دکتر ایرج افشار
;دانشمند و پڑھشگر معروف ایران
یگانا مردِ دانا ایرج افشار
سخن گوی و سخن سنج و سخن یار
ادیبِ نامور، استادِ انشاء
چراغ بزمِ تحقیقات و جستار
رفیق رہروانِ راہ پارین
انیس ہمریانِ تازہ رفتار
کتاب و نامۂ اہلِ ادب را
ہمی بودہ امین و ہم نگہدار
مہارت داشت در تالیف و تدوین
علَم گردیدہ ہم در چاپ آثار
عزیز خاطر دانا و نادان
ستودہ از زبانِ خویش و اغیار
چو دل برداشتہ از کارِ دنیا
رمیدہ از ہجوم شہرو بازار
ہستہ رختِ جان و تن ز منزل
جہانیدہ بہ سوی گور رہوار
بجستم سالِ فوتش و ز دلِ من
صدا آمد: ’’دریغا ایرج افشار‘‘
۲۰۱۱ء
(۳ مارچ/۲۰۱۱ء)
( مئی ۲۰۱۱ء)

زر اور معاوضۂ زر: سرمایہ دارانہ اور اسلامی نظام معیشت کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Money and its Compensation: An Analysis with Respect to Capitalism and Islamic Economic System In trade and commerce, money has remained the backbone of the business and trade. From the beginning to the end, money is an indispensable part of every economic activity. For this importance, money is treated as a factor of production. But the question is what is meant by money and whether the value of money can be recognized as a land, house, shop, car, bungalow and merchandise goods? And then what is the status if it is in the form of interest and it is linked to inflation? The research article underlines the key aspect regarding money and its compensation in the perspective of capitalistic and Islamic economic system. The qualitative and analytical approach was applied in this article. A literature review concluded that time value of money in capitalistic economy is unlimited while the Islamic economic system does not recognize its value in form of interest and with the association of inflation rate. It is recommended that business to be done on a profit and loss basis, rather than on debt and interest and instead of linking money to the inflation rate, alternatives should be proposed, for example if a person wants to take the loan, he should be given what he needs on cost plus profit basis.

WORK RELATED ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS LEVELS IN CABIN CREW OF PRIVATE AIRLINES OF PAKISTAN

This study aims to investigate the levels of work-related depression, anxiety, and stress among cabin crew members of private airlines in Pakistan. The objective is to examine the association between various risk factors such as working hours, working experience, marital status, and income with depression, anxiety, and stress. The study tests both null and alternative hypotheses to explore the presence or absence of associations between these factors. The study utilized the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) to assess the mental health outcomes of cabin crew members. The findings indicate that a significant percentage of respondents experience varying degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress. Comparisons with existing literature support the notion of higher rates of mental health problems among cabin crew members. The study also investigated the relationship between age, educational background, marital duration, parental status, family system, employment status, income, and working hours with mental health outcomes. The results revealed that younger crew members, those with higher education, shorter marital duration, parents, individuals in joint family systems, lower-ranking employees, and lower-income individuals tend to experience higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Analysis further confirmed that higher income levels were associated with lower levels of anxiety and stress. Additionally, longer working hours were positively associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, particularly among newly recruited cabin crew members. These findings contribute to the understanding of the mental health challenges faced by cabin crew members and emphasize the need for supportive interventions within the industry. The results highlight the importance of addressing risk factors and implementing measures to improve the well-being of cabin crew members. By recognizing and addressing these mental health issues, airlines can create a healthier and more supportive work environment for their employees.
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