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کتاب بہترین دوست

کتاب بہترین دوست
کتاب ایک بہترین دوست ہے، دوست سے کبھی کبھار دھوکے اور فریب کاری کا امکان رہتا ہے لیکن کتاب کی دوستی سے اس قسم کے امکان کا شائبہ تک نہیں رہتا۔ کیونکہ جو خلوص اور محبت اس نے فراہم کرنی ہے اس میں کسی موقع پر جا کر تبدیلی کی گنجائش یا کمی نہ ہوگی۔ کتاب کی رفاقت ایک ایسی ہم نشینی ہے کہ جو اپنے رفیق کو کبھی خلوت کا شکار نہیں ہونے دے گی۔ یہ اپنے ہم نشین کے دل میں خلوتوں اور تنہائیوں کی وحشت کوختم کر کے محبت و مودت کے شگوفے کھلاتی ہے۔ کتاب کے مطالعہ سے تاریخ عالم لکھنے کا موقع ملتا ہے۔ قوموں کے عروج و زوال سے شناسائی ہوتی ہے۔ قوموں کی معاشی ، روحانی ، اقتصادی اور سیاسی حیات کے خدوخال سے آگاہی حاصل ہوتی ہے۔
تاریخ اسلام اس بات پر شاہد ہے کہ مسلمان کو کتب بینی و مطالعہ میں ہمیشہ ایک امتیازی حیثیت حاصل رہی ہے، اہل اسلام ہمیشہ کتابوں سے محبت کرتے آئے ہیں ، دسمبر کی زمستانی ہوائیں ہوں یا جون کی تڑپادینے والی دھوپ، وقت عصر ہو یا رات کا پچھلا پہر،تدریسی اسباق کی تیاری ہو یا سفر آخرت کی تیاری، کتب ہائے خیر سے ذی شعور اور ذی فہم و فراست افراد کی دوستی مثالی رہی ہے۔ کتاب سے دوستی مرادعلم دوستی ہوتی ہے او ر علم دوست انسان گلستانِ ہستی کے رنگا رنگ پھول ، صحت مند معاشرے کے ماتھے کا جھومر، بیمار انسانیت کے مسیحا، مرغِ بسمل کی طرح تڑپنے والے لوگوں کے لیے رافت و رحمت اور جہالت کے بحر بیکراں میں ہچکولے کھاتی ہوئی ناؤ کے ناخدا ہوتے ہیں۔
کتاب سے دوستی جینے کا ڈھنگ سکھاتی ہے۔ کتاب سے دوستی قوموں کی زندگی کے نشیب و فراز سے آگاہی کرتی ہے۔ ایک اچھی کتاب انسان...

EFFECTS OF BOWEN THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Background and Aim: Bowen therapy is a non-pharmacological method for treating a variety of pain conditions, but its effectiveness in treating tension-type headaches is unknown. We compared the effectiveness of Bowen therapy to a sham treatment. Methodology: In a multi-center randomized controlled trial, the young adults with a tension-type headache were selected from the Neurology Department of DHQ hospital Sargodha and Niazi Medical Complex, Sargodha, with convenient sampling. A priori sample size calculation determined that 44 participants were needed. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Bowen Therapy (n=22) and Sham Treatment (n=22) groups were enrolled. The Bowen therapy was devised for two weeks. The measurement was taken at baseline and after two weeks. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. Results: At baseline, there was no difference found in the Bowen therapy and Sham treatment groups. We have noticed a significant decrease in the severity of pain and improvement in pain pressure threshold assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and algometer in the Bowen therapy group after two weeks (<0.05). However, no changes in pain intensity were found in the sham therapy group. Furthermore, the headache frequency was also reduced in Bowen therapy compared to the sham therapy group (<0.05) after the study period. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Bowen Therapy might be a beneficial and effective treatment for a tension-type headache. Further studies are needed using older adult’s participants.

Green Approach Towards the Synthesis of Schiff Bases and Synthesis of Nanoparticles of Different Metals by Various Methods

This dissertation has been divided into three chapters. Each chapter has its own references. The chapter 1 describes synthesis, characterization and bioassay screening of sixtytwo (62) Schiff bases of different aldehydes (ᵴƀ1-ᵴƀ55) and ciprofloxacin (cp1-cp7) with primary amines by both, conventional as well as ultrasonication methods. Thirteen Schiff bases (ᵴƀ6, ᵴƀ11, ᵴƀ17, ᵴƀ22, ᵴƀ23, ᵴƀ24, ᵴƀ28, ᵴƀ29, ϲρ3, ϲρ4, ϲρ5, ϲρ6 and ϲρ7) are new derivatives. Comparative analysis of these two methods was also carried out. The structures of all synthesized compounds were determined with the help of IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EI-MS spectroscopy techniques. All synthesized compounds subjected to different biological activities such as Antiinflammatory activity, Insecticidal activity, Urease Inhibitory Activity, Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity, Anti-bacterial activity, Anti-fungal activity and Anti-oxidant activity. Only eight compounds showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity in which four compounds ᵴƀ33, ᵴƀ49, ᵴƀ50 and ᵴƀ51 were found most active and the rest of four compounds ᵴƀ32, ᵴƀ34, ᵴƀ38 and ᵴƀ55 were moderately active. ϲρ is active against tyrosinase enzyme but its derivative ϲρ6 was more active. Total eight compounds were found active in urease inhibitory assay. Five compounds ᵴƀ35, ᵴƀ38, ᵴƀ41, ᵴƀ52 and ᵴƀ54 exhibited good activity and rest of three ᵴƀ33, ᵴƀ37 and ᵴƀ49 were moderately active. ϲρ and its derivative ϲρ1 and ϲρ2 were also active in urease inhibitory assay. The compounds ᵴƀ1, ᵴƀ13, ᵴƀ41 and ᵴƀ49 were found significantly active against nearly all applied bacterial strains, ϲρ and its all derivatives (ϲρ1-ϲρ7) are active against many bacterial strains. It is found that Compounds ᵴƀ1 and ᵴƀ2, ᵴƀ13, ᵴƀ38, ᵴƀ40 to ᵴƀ43 showed strong activity against various fungal strains. The synthesized compounds were also tested for anti-oxidant activity. They displayed varying % inhibition, among them ᵴƀ3, ᵴƀ6, ᵴƀ11, ᵴƀ22, ᵴƀ24, ᵴƀ29, ᵴƀ30, ᵴƀ37, ᵴƀ38, ᵴƀ43, ᵴƀ48 and ᵴƀ52 exhibited remarkable anti-oxidant activity. ϲρ, ϲρ1 and ϲρ6 also displayed anti-oxidant activity. ϲρ6 exhibited insecticidal and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory activity while Unfortunately, all candidates were found inactive towards both activities. The chapter 2 describes Synthesis of nanoparticles of different metals by various methods. Three types of nanoparticles were synthesized, metal, metal oxide and metal ferrite. Metal nanoparticles were synthesized by Chemical Reduction Method, (Green synthesis) by consuming Cucumis sativus, Azadirachta indica and Syzygium aromaticum aqueous extract and egg white as a source of albumin. Metal nanoparticles of Fe (INP), Ni (NNP), Cu (CNP), Zn (ZNP), Pb (LNP), Mg (MNP) and Co (CTNP) were synthesized. For the synthesis of metal ferrite Co-precipitation technique was employed, by this method CuFe2O4 (CFNP), NiFe2O4 (NFNP), CoFe2O4 (CTFNP), PbFe2O4 (LFNP), and MgFe2O4 (MFNP) nanoparticles were synthesized. For metal oxide nanoparticles Sol-Gel Synthesis (using tartaric acid as Complexing agent), Sonochemical synthesis by using Camellia sinensis extracts and by using seaweeds (Hypnea musciformis, Gracilaria, Laurencia pinnatifida and Enteromorpha intestinalis). These seaweeds were first time used to synthesize different metal nanoparticles along with sound waves. Fe3O4 (IONP), NiO (NONP), CuO (CONP), ZnO (ZONP), MgO (MONP) and PbO (LONP) metal oxides nanoparticles were prepared. UV-vis, FTIR, SEM, AFM, EDX and XRD were the characterization techniques used to confirm the synthesis, attachment of capping agent, morphology and size determination. These nanoparticles were employed to check their anti-microbial activity. These nanoparticles were also used with anti-aging / anti-bacterial cream to investigate antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activity. Some nanoparticles were also used to remove lead ion from aqueous solution by Adsorption. Chapter 3 deals about overview of biological activities and all the procedures used to find the inhibitory power of all synthesized products.
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