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۵۷۔کسے معلوم انجام محبت

کسے معلوم انجام ِ محبت
تیرے وعدوں کے خمیدہ رستے پر
میری نڈھال حسرتوں سے اور نہیں چلا جاتا
تم سے جڑی ہر آس بغاوت پراتر آئی ہے
تمھاری یہ محبت جفائوں کا آمیختہ ہے
تمھاری تسلیاں اور پیار کے دلاسے سب میرا آموختہ ہے
ہر صبح میری سرخ آنکھیں امیدِ نوکا سورج دیکھتی ہیں
مگر جب شام سرمئی اندھیرا پہن لیتی ہے
انتظار کے چراغوں کا دھواں آنکھوں کی پتلیاں پھیلا دیتا ہے
یہ انتظار کب مجھے نیند کی وادی میں دھکیل دیتا ہے، معلوم نہیں
خوابوں کی تتلیاں بو جھل پلکوں پر آبیٹھتی ہیں
رات بھر تیرے خوابوں کی ایک مجلس بپارہتی ہے
سَحرہونے سے ذرا پہلے ایک ماتمی جلوس برآمد ہوتا ہے
حسرتیں نوحہ کناں ہوتی ہیں
آہیں اورنالے زنجیر زنی کرتے ہیں
محبت اپنے ’’ہونے ‘‘ اور ’’نہ ہونے‘‘ کی مرثیہ خوانی میں مصروف ہے
دل ایک کونے میں پڑا کانپتا ہوا محوِ دعا ہے
منتظر ہے کسی سورج کی حدت بھری کرنوں کا
جو اس کے بدن میں استراحت بھر دیں

المفتي: شروطه وآدابه

The duty of issuance Islamic legal verdict is a great job because the Mufti is the successor of the Prophets of Allah. He explains the commands of Allah — permissible and prohibited acts—and stops the disputes among the followers. The focal aspects of this research paper are the questions: What are the required conditions to be a reliable mufti? What are the points of agreement and differences among the four major schools of jurisprudence — Hanafi, Maliki, Shafa’i and Hanbali? The most important area of this paper is the question: What are the protocols and etiquettes of the procedure of issuance of a fatwa, the legal verdict, in our contemporary societies. In the first part of this paper, the analytical evaluation of the arguments presented by prominent jurists of the four major schools of Islamic Jurisprudence. This part suggests some points to reset the preferences because it is the need of time. The second part of the paper opines a number of suggestions to improve the manners, etiquettes and protocols of the procedure on part of a mufti. A mufti, being a representative of the seat of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), is not only responsible to Allah Almighty but also to wellbeing, security, and peace among the members of our society.

Promoting Student-Student Interaction in Large Esl Primary Government School Classes of Pakistan

Teaching large classes is always seen as problematic by the teachers. In most of the cases it is found that the teachers do not feel comfortable to provide opportunities to the learners in large ESL classes because of fear of losing control over students. This study reveals the attempt made to promote interaction among students in large ESL classes in the government school classes of Karachi, Pakistan. The study engaged a class of 49 students of grade four. The study was conducted as action research. Additional data was collected through participant observation and reflection. The English language teacher of the class in which the study was conducted was involved as a critical friend for the observation and reflection of the classroom teaching. Interviews with the teacher were conducted at the beginning and end of the study to understand the teacher's beliefs and attitude towards interaction in large ESL classes. Finally, learners were interviewed to find out their perception about the same. The study reveals the challenges I faced while promoting interaction in large ESL classes. It also indicates the strategies I tried out to overcome the challenges. Furthermore, it shows how teachers and learners in large ESL classes perceive promoting interaction among students. The study also highlights the factors that facilitate interaction among students in large ESL classes. Finally recommendations and implications are made for the teachers, teacher educators, and the school context.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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