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پروفیسر قمر رئیس

پروفیسر قمر رئیس مرحوم
پروفیسر قمر رئیس بھی اپریل کی آخری تاریخوں میں اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے، ایک مہینہ پہلے ’’ایوان اردو‘‘ کے خصوصی اداریہ میں جب انہوں نے چند جانے والوں، خاص طور پر فضا ابن فیضی کا ماتم کرتے ہوئے تمنا ظاہر کی تھی کہ اگر موت ایک ماندگی کا وقفہ ہے تو کاش یہ دینوی اور علامتی طور پر سچ ہوتی لیکن اردو کے درد و بام پر سوگ کا عالم طاری دیکھ کر بڑی حسرت سے کہا کہ یقین نہیں آتا کہ جانے والوں کی رحلت محض ایک ماندگی کا وقفہ ہے، افسوس یہ ماتم کرنے ولا چند دنوں بعد اسی کاروان رفتگان کا حصہ بن کر اردو دنیا کو ایک دیدہ ور صاحب دانش سے محرومی کا کرب دے گیا۔
ان کا وطن شاہ جہاں پور اور نام مصاحب علی خاں ہے لیکن قمر رئیس کی شہرت کی چمک میں اصل نام و وطن چھپ کر رہ گئے، علی گڑھ میں تعلیمی مراحل سے گزرکر تدریسی منزلیں طے کرتے رہے، اس راہ میں تاشقند و سمرقند سے بھی گزر ہوا لیکن شہرت کو بال و پروان کے قلم نے عطا کیے، ۱۹۳۲؁ء میں جب وہ پیدا ہوئے تو اردو کے ترقی پسندوں کی تحریک صرف ذہنوں میں تھی لیکن قمر رئیس کا عالم شباب آیا تو ترقی پسند تحریک کی مقبولیت بھی شباب پر آئی اور فطری طور پر عہد شباب کی بعض بے اعتدالیاں بھی ساتھ لائی، یہ کہنا بے احتیاطی نہیں کہ قمر رئیس کے ذہن کی سلامتی نے ان کو اس فکر سے محفوظ رکھا کہ ترقی پسند ادب کو قدیم ادب اور اس کی بہترین روایات کا منکر ہونا چاہئے، انہوں نے اردو تنقید کو اپنا موضوع بنایا تو اس اقرار کے ساتھ کہ تلاش و تفحص کا جذبہ ہی تنقید کا نقطہ آغاز ہے اور...

Academic Stress Among Pre-University Students of The Social Science Stream: A Study in Poonch Azad Jammu And Kashmir

Academic-related demands that exceed students’ adaptive capabilities are collectively known as academic stress. High levels of academic stress are associated with an increased likelihood of depression, insomnia, substance addiction, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and subsequently, quitting education. Globally, academic stress is now a common phenomenon due to COVID-19-induced changes in the education system. Knowledge of the magnitude of academic stress and its factors can enable early recognition, intervention, and alleviation of the problem. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of perceived academic stress and identify the main stressors through a cross-sectional survey using the Manipal Inventory of Academic Stress scale. The study participants involved 2152 Grade 11 and 12 Commerce students enrolled in 34 pre-university colleges in Poonch AJK. A stratified cluster sampling method was used in the study. Statistical methods, namely descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analysis, two-sample independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA tests, were used in the study. The study observed that one in every four pre-university students experienced high levels of perceived academic stress.Parent expectations, academic queries from neighbors and relatives, and lack of time for revision were identified as the top three stressors. Gender, grade, and mother’s education were associated with academic stress. Interventions at the individual, family, institutional, and community levels are the need of the hour to safeguard adolescents from negative experiences that might deprive them of wellness in their future.

Speculative Study of Rotating Nanofluids over a Stretching Surface

A nanoparticle phenomenon is interesting due to the fact that it behaves like a bridge between substance and its atomic/molecular structure. As particles of a material break and approach their nano size, their intrinsic properties change quite dramatically. For example, platinum which is an inert element at macro scale becomes a catalyst at nano scale. Similarly silicon insulators become conductors and gold which is solid, inert and yellow, changes itself to a red liquid with unusual catalytic properties at nano scale. Thus nanoparticles have considerably different attributes as compared with particles of the same species and not in nanoscale. Nanotechnology is a rising science of today. It is growing swiftly and has numerous applications in almost every discipline of our daily life e.g., in medicines, foodstuff, chemicals, automobiles and many more. Nanoparticle study is at present a part of focused and systematized notice due to a comprehensive range of its possible uses in biomedical, optical, material manufacturing, transportation, energy and electronic fields. Since last two decades nanofluids have attracted the attention of scientists as an important research topic. Due to their intense use in extremely progressive technical and biomedical devices such as in nuclear reactors, microchips cooling, radiators and nano medications etc., nano particles are quite useful. Being comprised of low molecular mass but high thermal conductance, these fluids are considered to be vastly effective cooling managers. Rotating fluids flow over elastic stretching sheets are fairly apparent in several industrial procedures such as material management conveyers, extrusion of elastic panes and cooling of an endless metal plate in a cooling bath. Furthermore in procedure of glass blowing, constant moulding, and turning of fibres also consist of the rotary flow over enlarging surface. The role of stretching is of vital importance as can be visualized in above procedures in which flow of heat and mass is produced by the stretching practice of surface. The properties preferred for a result of such a progression would mostly rest on two features. First is the rate of cooling of fluid and second is the rate of stretching surface boundary on which liquid is lying. During the engineering procedure, heat transmission level at the stretched surface is deeply perceived as it is much related with the quality of the ultimate product. Keeping in view this outstanding feature of the modern day development engineering, numerous investigators have concentrated their attention on this precise area of study.
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