Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

نولکھی کوٹھی میں پسماندگی کے مظاہر

نو لکھی کوٹھی میں پس ماندگی کے مظاہر

                علی اکبر ناطق کا پہلا ناول’’نو لکھی کوٹھی‘‘جس نے اردو ادب میں ایک نئی تاریخ رقم کر دی ہے اور مصنف کی وجہ شہرت بنا۔یہ ناول 2014ء میں سانجھ پبلی کیشنز لاہورسے شائع ہوا ۔ ناول 448 صفحات پر مشتمل ہے ۔ناول کے اب تک سات ایڈیشن شائع ہو چکے ہیں اور انہوں نے ناول کا انتساب اپنے ابا جان’’محمد بشیر‘‘ کے نام کیا ہے۔

                مصنف  نے ناول کے ذریعے نہ صرف ادب کے معیار کو طے کیا ہے بلکہ ایک مختلف انداز میں یعنی روایتی اندازسے بالکل الگ ہو کر اسے پیش کیا ہے۔ناول نہایت دل فریب صورت میں اور دیدہ زیب انداز میں تحریر کیا گیا ہے،قاری ایک ہی نشست میں مکمل پڑھنا چاہتا ہے۔اس کا مختلف زبانوں میں ترجمہ بھی ہو چکا ہے۔

                فکشن میں ان کا یہ قدم حیرت زدہ کرنے والا ہے۔ نثر کو پڑھتے ہوئے ان کی مکالمہ اور بیانیہ پر مکمل گرفت کا احساس اجاگر ہوتا ہے۔ وہ لکھتے ہوئے ایسی منظر کشی کرتے ہیں کہ پڑھنے والا دنگ رہ جاتا ہے۔ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ جیسے کہانی بالکل ویسی ہے جس میں قاری اپنا ماضی گزار چکا ہے۔ وہ پڑھتے ہوئے خود کو اس کا ایک حصہ گردانتا ہے۔

                اردو ادب ان سے جتنی بھی امیدیں وابستہ کر لے وہ غلط نہ ہوں گی۔ہمارے دور کے ہو کر بھی انہوں نے نہایت ہی کمال طریقے سے ماضی کے ان واقعات سے پردہ اٹھایا ہے جنہیں ہم قصوں کہانیوں میں سنتے آئے ہیں۔

                معاشرت کی خوبصورت انداز میں عکاسی کی ہے۔ مصنف ناول میں پیچیدہ پہلوؤں کو سامنے لے کر آتا ہے۔ناول میں جس ’’نو لکھی کوٹھی‘‘...

Association of COVID-19 with obesity Association of COVID-19 with obesity

COVID-19 is a disease that cause respiratory illness due to novel corona virus. It was reported to WHO on December 31,2019 for the first time. The outbreak of this disease started from Wuhan city, China. Now COVID-19 pandemic is spreading worldwide mostly in Europe and North America, these regions have high prevalence of obesity. In the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease, obesity assumes a significant job. Theinsusceptible framework, which is official in the pathogenesis of COVID19, assumes asignificant job in weight instigated fat tissue aggravation. In the fat tissue the irritationbrings about metabolic brokenness conceivably prompting dyslipidemia, type 2diabetes mellitus, insulin obstruction, hypertension and cardiovascular sickness. Obesity has been expanded the vulnerability to contaminations. In this pandemic, a large number of obese individual with Covid-19 are reported. Infection rate in obese is greater due to poor immunity, comorbidity and inadequate nutritional needs. Statistical analysis showed that about 41.7% patients reported in New York city were obese. Whereas 40% obese have been reported in United State of America with Covid-19. A report from UK indicated that 38% obese were admitted in ICU with Covid-19. According to Chinese researchers, obese individuals are 3-timesmore prone toward the development of Covid-19. So recent analysis indicated that obesity is the major risk factor of Covid-19. In COVID-19, overweight and obese patients have high danger of metabolic difficultiesand eternal infections that stoutness works. More nutrition care is required for such patients. As nutrition is a key factor for keeping up human wellbeing, for example, denseimpervious framework and satisfactory admission of supplements and dietaryenhancements. Tolerant with COVID-19 create contamination from slight to seriousindications bound to the dietary status. Consequently, assessing wholesome status ofindividuals with contamination turns out to be increasingly significant. Through dietaryhelp, we can bring down the danger of oxidative pressure, infection contamination andexpands invulnerability framework among obese people especially.

Biological Properties, Clinical Implications and Role As Oxidative Biomarker of Human Paraoxonase

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between production of oxidizing species and their removal through antioxidant system. This imbalance is harmful for biological macromolecules like proteins, lipids and DNA. Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathophysiology of many diseases. To counteract the harmful effects produced due to over production of reactive oxygen species, living organisms are equipped with antioxidant defense mechanism. Paraoxonases (PON) are calcium bound enzymes having antioxidant properties. The PON family constitutes three isoforms including PON1, PON2 and PON3. Among these, PON1 is the most studied member with defined antioxidant property. Reduced PON1 activity has been reported in various disorders including Cataract. Cataract is third most prevalent age related disease responsible for blindness throughout the world. One of the key factors involved in progression of cataract formation is oxidative stress. Another possible contributor is accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) leading to non-enzymatic glycation of macromolecules particularly proteins. AGEs formation is not only accelerated in presence of hyperglycemia but also triggers production of reactive oxygen species leading to glycoxidation. Thus, interplay of both oxidative imbalance and glycation may play critical role in etiology of cataract. Objective of current study was to explore biological properties, clinical implications and role of Paraoxonase as oxidative biomarker. We chose cataract as a model disease to examine PON family members. Partial purification of PON enzyme was performed using human plasma through affinity and gel filtration chromatography. Partially purified samples were further subjected to SDS-PAGE and MS analysis. The fraction with highest PON1 activity was found to be albumin through mass spectrometric analysis. Our studies confirm that PON1 has a greater affinity for albumin and may exist in association with albumin. PON gene polymorphism has been studied to examine association between genetic variant with incidence of diseases. In current study, we examined PON gene polymorphism for PON1 (L55M & Q192R); PON2 (C311S & G148A) and PON3 (C133A) in normal and cataract subjects using tetra primer ARMS-PCR and RFLP followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Polymorphic sites 192R of PON1 and G148 of PON2 were found to be more frequent in cataract patients as compared to normal xi individuals suggesting these alleles to be disease specific in studied samples of Pakistani origin. Combine genotype analysis revealed L55/Q192 of PON1 and C311S/ 148A of PON2 in healthy individuals while G148/311S of PON2 among cataract subjects to be significant. PON1 L55M, PON2 C311S and PON3 did not show significant association with cataract. To explore the impact of glycation on PON1 and its biological activity, we incubated plasma from normal and cataractous subjects with sugars (glucose, fructose & galactose) for 15 days. Enzymatic activities (Paraoxonase and arylesterase) along with oxidative stress markers MDA and total ROS were measured. Time dependent structural changes in response to glycation were monitored through spectroscopic analysis while level of glycation was measured by AGEs quantification through ELISA. Our results indicated significant decrease in paraoxonase and arylesterase activities together with substantial increase in MDA and total ROS levels among all incubated samples. Most potent sugar was found to be fructose followed by galactose than glucose. The degree of glycation was found to be in order of fructose>galactose>glucose. To confirm the effect of fructose on PON1 activity, pure PON1 was incubated with fructose which showed 95% decline in PON activity as compared with respective control. In conclusion, our study highlights impact of polymorphism and genetic variation among PON family members in studied groups, biological role of PON1 as an antioxidant in response to glycation and implication of glycation on PON1 activity.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.