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مولوی مفتی نسیم احمد قاسمی

مولوی مفتی نسیم احمد قاسمی
یہ خبر سن کر بڑا افسوس ہوا کہ امارتِ شرعیہ بہار، جھارکنڈ اڑسیہ کے ناظم مولوی مفتی نسیم احمد قاسمی نے ۳۰؍ جنوری کو داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، وہ مولانا قاضی مجاہد الاسلام کے خاص تربیت یافتہ تھے، فقہی اور ملی مسائل پر ان کے اچھے مضامین لوگوں کوان کی طرف متوجہ کررہے تھے، امارت کے کاموں میں بھی بڑے مستعد، کارگزار اور چاق چوبند رہتے تھے، ان کی وفات سے اسے بڑا دھکا پہنچا۔
ابھی ان کی عمر ۳۷ برس تھی، یہ بھی کوئی جانے کے دن تھے مگر مشیت ایزدی میں کس کو دخل ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے، پس ماندگان کو صبر جمیل دے اور امارت کو ان کا بدل مہیا کرے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی۔ مارچ ۲۰۰۳ء)

Investigation of Microstructure and Stress Corrosion Cracking in Al-6061-T6 Alloy at Different Loads

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) refers to the damage of mechanical components which are under the combined action of static load and corrosive environment. This phenomenon occurs in various applications including naval and aerospace industry where aluminum and steel alloys experience mechanical loadings in the presence of corrosive environments. In this research work, microstructural and environmental influence on corrosion behavior of Al-6061-T6 at different static loads was investigated. A new test fixture was developed for stress corrosion cracking. Dog-bone shaped tensile specimens of Al-6061-T6 were manufactured using CNC milling machine. Tests were conducted at constant loads of 200 N, 500 N and 800 N, in three different environments: dry ambient conditions, distilled water and 3.5% NaCl solution. Testing continued for different intervals of time i.e. 96 hours, 68 hours and 4.5 hours respectively. After each set of experiments, specimens were observed for cracks using metallurgical microscope. Detailed fractographic investigation of all the tested specimens was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Excessive corrosion and material degradation was observed in specimens tested in distilled water and 3.5% NaCl environments. Microstructural analysis depicted pitting corrosion and crack deformation.  Some regions clearly showed that grain boundaries were attacked due to oxidation and chemical attack causing weakening of grain boundaries and resulted into intergranular corrosion. Precipitates and grain boundaries in Al-6061-T6 served as a reason of crack initiation due to hydrogen diffusion. Fractographic investigation provided the evidence of trans granular fracture as well as intergranular fracture which was observed as dimples and extensive ductile tearing.

The Impact of Mentoring on Teachers’ Understanding of Learning and Teaching Mathematics

There is a widespread belief among both teachers and students that mathematics, like any other factual subject, needs to be learnt. Traditionally the major emphasis in the mathematics classroom has been to teach students the processes of an algorithm and to drill them in these processes. This study investigates the influence of mentoring on teachers' understanding of what mathematics is, how it is learnt and how teachers' actions can make learning more meaningful for students. The sample for the study were two teachers from the primary and secondary sections of a school. Data sources were notes of lesson observations, reflective journals, verbatim transcripts of conferences and semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed as two separate case studies. The study found that mentoring did influence teachers' practices and beliefs and showed that the two are interrelated. It found that mentoring can encourage teachers to reflect on their own practice and in a supportive and non-threatening environment changes will be attempted. The teachers evaluated the new learning in the light of student outcomes. The study found that teacher development is an on-going, individual and highly personal process and teachers have varying learning styles. Willingness and ability to change must take into account the culture and organizational structure of the school. Cultures which encourage collaboration and empower teachers to make decisions provide an environment where teachers are more reflective about their actions and are more willing to share new learning with others. Hierarchical organizations hinder change for teachers feel compelled to follow directives and live up to the expectations of those in authority. The study also found that, whatever the subject matter, the moral dimensions of teaching cannot be ignored.
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