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پروفیسر محمد اسلم

پروفیسر محمد اسلم مرحوم
یہاں بڑی تاخیر سے یہ افسوس ناک خبر ملی کہ پنجاب یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ تاریخ کے سابق استاد پروفیسر محمد اسلم ۶؍ اکتوبر کو اچانک حرکتِ قلب بند ہوجانے سے اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
ان کا خاص موضوع تاریخ ہند تھا، عہد سلطنت و دور مغلیہ کے حکمرانوں اور اس عہد کے مشائخ کے متعلق ان کے مقالات اور کتابوں کو علمی و تحقیقی حلقوں میں قدر و ستایش سے دیکھا گیا اور ان کی بڑی پذیرائی بھی ہوئی۔
طالب علمی کے زمانہ سے ہی تاریخ سے ان کو خاص لگاؤ رہا، پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے اسی مضمون میں انہوں نے ایم۔ اے کیا، مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ کے علاوہ انہوں نے برطانیہ میں ڈرہم، مانچسٹر اور کیمبرج یونیورسٹیوں سے بھی اکتساب علمی کیا۔ لاہور میں ڈاکٹریٹ کے لیے انہوں نے شاہجہاں کی مذہبی پالیسی کا عنوان منتخب کیا تھا، لیکن اس کی تکمیل سے پہلے ان کو یورپ جانے کا موقع ملا جس کی وجہ سے غالباً یہ مقالہ مکمل نہ ہوسکا۔
ان کی تحریری صلاحیتوں سے متاثر ہوکر شیخ محمد اکرام نے ان کو تحقیقی مضامین لکھنے پر آمادہ کیا، ۱۹۶۷؁ء سے یہ سلسلہ شروع ہوا تو برصغیر کے اکثر ممتاز رسائل و مجلات میں ان کی تحریریں شایع ہوتی رہیں، خاص طور پر رسالہ برہان دہلی کے صفحات پر ان کی نگارشات کثرت سے نظر آتی ہیں جن میں مقالات، تنقید و تقریظ اور تعزیتی مضامین وغیرہ شامل ہیں۔ معارف میں بھی ان کے کئی مضامین چھپے، دین الٰہی اور اس کا پس منظر، شاہان مغلیہ کا ذوق موسیقی، مسلمانوں کی جغرافیائی خدمات، فتوحات فیروز شاہی، مسجد قبا سے تاج محل تک، عربوں کے عہد میں سندھ میں علم و ادب، ہیر وارث شاہ کی تاریخی اہمیت، سلاطین دہلی، ہندو تہذیب اور ادب اور داراشکوہ کے...

Art and Architecture as A Space for Kalash Identity (A Case Study of Bumburet Valley in District Chitral Pakistan)

The present study was conducted in Bumburet valley of Kalash, District Chitral, Pakistan. The key technique used for data collection was participant observation in which the researcher lived in the community, observed and documented their cultural patterns as an indicator of their traditional culture which includes religious songs, folklore, dress, art and crafts, as a basis for identity. The basic purpose of the study was to understand the role and significance of arts and architecture as a prime tool for establishing identity for the conventional people of Kalash. The people of Kalash have managed to maintain their identity through their unique arts and crafts. Tradition resists change and most often remains unaltered in a static spatial arrangement. The changes which incorporate in Kalash traditions may find their way through peripheral adjustments. The traditions in art and crafts are scanty to find and the present artifacts does not throw any light on their origin. The art and architecture available signify their unique ways, and tradition which is definitely different from the other ethnic tribes in the shared geographical arrangement. The Kalash ethnic identity has faced several challenges like colonization in the past and modernization and technological advancement and conversion to Islam in the present. The Kalash insist on keeping their self-identity as well as participating in modernity. They have maintained their centuries old traditional culture, despite the fact of current globalization, and modernization.

Productivity Enhancement: A Case Study of Production Management Systems in Denim Jeans Manufacturing Industry in Pakistan

Clothing is not only a need but also is an expression, a way of thinking and a desire.Apparel Manufacturing Industry has to face unlimited variety in clothing styles due to infinite desires.Increasingly fierce competition, fast changing customer demands, decreasing prices, increasing quality demand and reduction in lead time has enforced the apparel industry to select a production system that can face all the challenges. Market competition, loss on price control and frequent changes in the fashion apparel manufacturers have to work with target costing system; so to increase the profit margin garment manufacturers are always in search of higher production speed for the purpose of increasing machine and labor utilization leading towards reduction in per unit cost. In the current state of market competition, volatility of product styles and unavailability of control on the prices it is becoming a crying need of the apparel companies to design its production system and line layout in such a way that the highest productivity can be achieved without disturbing the quality level because an improper line management or improper sequence of stitching operations may lead towards under utilization of labor force.Invention of different production systems is the result of thirst of optimization by improving layout efficiency, best material handling method and facilitating the machine operator. This research is going to search that how different stitching production systems in denim jeans industry satisfy productivity needs through minimizing the production time and increasing quality level and why different stitching production systems are implemented in the same market.In this study the researcher will examine the production management systems (Unit Production System and Progressive Bundle System) of denim jeans manufacturing industry in Pakistan. This research is a case study research so two companies ?Master Textile Mills Ltd.? and ?Umer Siddiq Apparel & Textile (Pvt) Ltd.? are selected as unit of analysis.The research has analyzed the line layouts, cutting averages, Production Capacity, Operational Breakup, Defect Hundred per Unit (DHU), Line Production Efficiency, Operation wise Time Study and wages rates in the Unit Production System and Progressive Bundle System. No Production System is best or worst and not it satisfy all the constraints of the real world but the alignment of a system with the companies goals, resources and management makes it good; and the proper management, design and control ensures to make Production System reliable. The research work provides a guiding map for the production managers as performance evaluation methodology. The results also help in the selection of appropriate production system as per the goals of the company.
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