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سر آرتھر کونل ڈائل

سر آرتھر کونل ڈائل کی وفات
دو ماہ کی علالت کے بعد سر آرتھر کونل ڈائل نے ۷؍ جولائی ۱۹۳۰؁ء کو قلب کی بیماری میں انتقال کیا، شرلاک ہومس کے افسانوں کی وجہ سے ان کو جو عالمگیر شہرت حاصل ہوئی وہ محتاج بیان نہیں، آخری عمر میں انھیں روحوں کے ساتھ غایت درجہ کا اعتقاد ہوگیا تھا، وہ اسے ایک قسم کا مذہب خیال کرتے تھے، جس کی اہمیت ان کے نزدیک لٹریچر، فنون، لطفیہ، سیاسیات بلکہ دنیا کی ہر چیز سے زیادہ تھی اور انھیں اس بات سے تکلیف ہوتی تھی کہ لوگ ان کو شرلاک ہومس کے مصنف کے نام سے یاد کرتے ہیں۔ سر آرتھر کو بچپن ہی سے تصنیف کا شوق تھا، پہلی کتاب انھوں نے چھ سال کی عمر میں لکھی اور مدرسہ کے ابتدائی ساتھیوں میں بحیثیت افسانہ گو کے شہرت حاصل کی، بعد میں انھوں نے طب پڑھی اور کئی سال تک مطب کرتے رہے، مصنفوں کے زمرہ میں ان کا شمار اس وقت ہوا جب ۱۸۸۸؁ء میں انھوں نے ’’مائکا کلارک‘‘ لکھی، گزشتہ جنگ عظیم میں ان کا بڑا لڑکا مارا گیا اور اسی حادثے نے آخر عمر میں انھیں عالم ارواح کا دلدادہ بنادیا۔ (’’م ۔ ع‘‘، اکتوبر ۱۹۳۰ء)

 

مرزا داغ کے نعتیہ اسلوب کے اقبال پر اثرات Impacts Of Mirza Dagh’s Nautiya Style On Iqbal’s Poetry

The linguist poet of the ambassador of Dehli literary society, Nwab Mirza Khan Dagh does not need any preamble. Iqbal accepted some artistic impacts of Mirza Dagh.He is a romantic poet but he was also effected by revolution of 1857.He narrated the cultural defeat in his poetry. We also can find the cultural defeat in Iqbal’s poetry as well. Iqbal paid tribute to Mirza Dagh at his death with deep grief and in an impressive way. As an artist, the use of developed language precision continuity and idiomatic phrases is Dagh’s distinctive style, the same style of Mirza Dagh is also available in his Nautiya poetry. Although it is not recognition of Dagh but his style is striking researchable. We can also come across the technical effects of his Nautiya style in Iqbal’s poetry. Iqbal has also saluted to his artistic climax. In this article the effort has been accomplished to explain Mirza Dagh’s impacts on Iqbal Keywords: Allama Iqbal, Mirza Dagh, Na‘at, poetry Praise of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Investigation on Thermal and Ablation Characteristics of Epdm-Filler Composites

The research work is related to the understanding of the effects of fillers loadings on thermal and ablation performances of ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymers (EPDM). EPDM filled with particulate and fibrous fillers are widely used as internal thermal insulator in space vehicles. The most widely used fibrous filler is asbestos. But due to the health hazards posed by asbestos and requirements of space technology, efforts have been initiated for its replacement. In current research, the effects of silica, kevlar and cork on thermal and ablation performances of EPDM based thermal insulators have been investigated. Various batches of thermal insulations were prepared by compounding EPDM with various percentages of silica, kevlar and cork in the presences of other necessary ingredients such as curing agents, accelerators and process aids etc. It was observed that cork and kevlar in the absences of silica did not import enough reinforcement to EPDM to fulfill the requirements of thermal insulations for space vehicles to withstand the stresses during handlings, operations and launching etc. Therefore; thermal and ablation performance of the EPDM batches containing silica only was investigated. Experimental evidences showed that silica had not only enhanced mechanical properties but also improved thermal and ablation performance of EPDM based thermal insulations. However, silica also increased density and thermal conductivity of the thermal insulations, which were the limitations of EPDM loaded with high concentration of silica as far as thermal insulation for space application was concerned. vii In the next phase of research the concentration of silica was limited to 10 Phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber) and kevlar was added at various concentrations in order to remove the drawbacks of high density and high thermal conductivity of silica filled EPDM. Kevlar loadings significantly enhanced thermal and ablation performance of silica-EPDM based thermal insulation by forming a tough char layer on the surface of the insulator. However, the same problem of high density and high thermal conductivity occurred. Kevlar also significantly decreased the elongation of the EPDM based thermal insulator. Cork, a hydrocarbon material with low density and low thermal conductivity was added in various Phr to EPDM loaded with 10 Phr of each silica and kevlar. Cork loadings not only enhanced thermal and ablation performance of the kevlar-silica filled EPDM but significant reduction in thermal conductivity and density was also achieved. Physico- mechanical, thermal and ablation performances of indigenous model insulation based on EPDM filled with hybrid fillers, cork, kevlar and silica were compared with EPDM filled with silica and asbestos. It was observed that model insulation not only exhibited better mechanical, thermal and ablation performances than asbestos based thermal insulation but also significant reduction in thermal conductivity and density was achieved. From the experimental data onset of decomposition temperature (Tonset) and temperature at which maximum degradation occurs (Tmax) of the model insulation for space vehicles were determined. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model was successfully used for the determination of activation energy required for thermal decomposition of the insulation. The experimental data obtained at various heating rates were fitted to existing models for the determination of kinetic mechanism of the thermal decomposition of the model insulation. The results showed that model insulation was decomposed according to random nucleation which followed the general mechanism proposed in random nucleation, Avrami Erofe’ev equation. Based on the concept of thermal decomposition by random nucleation, a general decomposition scheme consisting of various reactions was proposed and a kinetic model for thermal decomposition was developed. The developed kinetic model verified that the thermal decomposition of the model insulation was according to random nucleation as the experimental data best fitted to the model equation.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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