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5اردو شاعری میں قدرتی مظاہر کی تصویر کش

اردو شاعری میں قدرتی مظاہر کی تصویر کشی

ڈاکٹر عبدالمنان چیمہ

اردو شاعری کا ایک  اہم پہلو قدرتی  مظاہر و مناظر  کی تصویر کشی  ہے ۔ ایک طرف  شاعر کی اندرونی  کیفیت  ہوتی ہے اور دوسری طرف وسیع و عریض  کائنات اور اس کے بکھرے ہوئے حسین  قدرتی  مظاہر کا منظر ہوتا ہے۔اردو ادب کے  بہت سارے مشاہیر نے   فطرت نگاری کو اپنی شاعری کا موضوع بنایا ہے۔ ان کے ہاں  فطرت کے حسن کا ذکر ملتا ہے۔ جن قدرتی  اشیاء کا تذکرہ کرتے ہیں ان میں اپنی دلی کیفیات کا رنگ بھر دیتے ہیں۔ فطرت نگاری میں شاعر اپنی  دلی کیفیات و محسوسات  کو قدرتی نظاروں سے  ہم آہنگ کرتا ہے۔ عصر حاضر میں پیسے کی دوڑ  اور  صنعتی انقلاب  نے کائنات کے  حسین مناظر کو  شدید خطرے سے دوچار  کر دیا ہے۔

زمین پر بڑھتی ہوئی  آلودگی  کا انسان  ، جانداروں اورماحول پر نقصان دہ اثر پڑرہاہے۔اس کی بڑی وجہ قدرتی عناصر کا غیر دانشمندانہ استعمال ہے۔ اس لیے قدرتی وسائل  میں انسان کی مداخلت  کو کم کرنا اور روک تھام  کے لئے کردار ادا کرنا وقت کی اہم  ضرورت ہے۔زمین کی آلودگی نہ صرف انسانوں کی صحت کے لئے خطرناک ہے بلکہ موجودہ  دور میں سرمایہ دارانہ فکر کا حامل انسان معاشی خوشحالی کے چکر میں نسل انسانی کے ساتھ ساتھ  کرہ  ارض پر پائی جانے والی  دیگر مخلوقات    کو بھی  بری طرح متاثر  کررہا ہے۔  بہت سارے  مشاہیر نے اپنی شاعری میں  قدرتی عناصر کے استحصال  اور ماحولیاتی آلودگی کی مذمت کی ہے۔ اردو ادب کے مشاہیرکا  اس قومی وانسانی خدمت  اور قدرتی مظاہر سے محبت کو اجاگر کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔

ظفر اقبال ظفر   قدرتی مظاہر کی تباہی   میں انسان کے کردار کی  منظر کشی کرتے ہوئے لکھتے  ہیں :

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Varietal Comparison of Proximate Composition and Mineral Profiling of Pakistan Native Barberry Powder Proximate Composition and Mineral Profiling of Barberry Powder

Berberis Vulgaris fruit (barberry)also commonly known as “zereshk” is one of the world’s renowned medicinal plant with highly nutritious and therapeutic values, world widely. It is an elongated, 8-10mm long, bright red colored, fruit. Berberidaceae family; B. Vulgaris fruit is very useful tonic for liver, heart, pancreas, gallbladder and kidneys. It prevents chronic bleeding disorders, purifies blood, lowersblood cholesterol level, blood pressure and most importantly it help to treat diabetes. In addition it is effective in treatment of parasitic liver, kidney stones, gout, colon cancer, prostate inflammation, fever, asthma and malaria. Objective: This study is aimed to check the mineral and chemical profiling of Pakistan native barberry fruit. Methods: Proximate analysis of three different varieties (BVF01, BVF02, and BVF03) of B. Vulgaris fruitfrom different three regions Azad Kashmir, Chitral and Gilgit Baltistandemonstrated a nutritional composition in range of 77.43, 70.08, 73.12%for moisture, 0.98, 0.76, 0.89% for crude ash, 0.42, 0.33, 0.39% for crude fat, 1.53, 1.32, 1.44% for crude protein, 2.76, 2.64, 2.75% for crude fiber, 16.88, 24.87, 21.41% for Nitrogen free extract (NFE). The different varieties of barberry contained the ranges of minerals such ascalcium2724.70,2584.13, 2693.59ppm, magnesium 998.46,944.06, 986.32ppm, potassium12189.75, 11,114.21, 12021.19ppm, sodium 1402.16, 872.38, 1269.44ppm, iron 449.67, 334.58, 396.90ppm, zinc8.42, 13.78, 29.5ppm, copper 15.11, 5.45, 11.63ppm, manganese 32.5, 25.86, 28.91ppm(mg/L), respectively. Conclusions: The type of barberry cultivated in Azad Kashmir is the best having good proximate composition and highest minerals amount as compared to Chitral and Gilgit Baltistan cultivated barberry

Developing Reading Skills Among Five Year Old Children Through Stories

Reading is an important activity for any learner. Without reading skills, the journey of the learner is likely to be full of hurdles. This is especially true when it concerns learning English as a second language. In developing countries, there is a significant need to develop reading skills. Because of the rote-memory approach to learning in developing countries, learners lag behind in this area i.e. the traditional approach does not consider reading to be contributing to knowledge and understanding, and expects students to regurgitate the lessons to prove their knowledge acquisition. Researchers who were referred to in the literature review found that reading skills have a catalytic contribution to a person's learning rate, and they further say that it is best to focus on the Early Years learners to develop their reading skills, as young learners are quick and can learn double the rate of the adult learners. Recent research suggests that in order to develop reading skills, it is not necessary to spend a lot of money, but only to portray reading as an enjoyable activity and to develop students' interest in the activity. The purpose of this research is to study the use of storybooks as a tool to develop reading skills through enjoyment. Thus, the researcher makes an effort to support the five year old young learners in their reading efforts by using the innovative tool of story-telling. To comprehend this, the researcher endeavored on the path of action research and worked with Early Years teachers in a private school in Karachi, Pakistan. A strategic action plan was prepared and implemented in order to facilitate the students in their reading development. Subsequent planning and action remain responsive to any need for change arising out of the experiences of implementing the previous one. The data for the action process was collected through semi-structured interviews, lesson observation notes, the researcher's reflective diary and tape-recording of the sessions. The gathered data was analyzed soon after each action step for reflection and further action. The research findings confirm that story books motivate the young learners to read books. On one hand, this lends support to the development of vocabulary, comprehension, and language as well. On the other hand, it was found that lack of resources like appropriate story books for the age level, as well as lack of resources for story-telling like puppets, flannel board, etc., hinder the useful facilitation of
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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